Livre, Pages |
[2, 10] |
ἡ
γεῦσις
τοῦ
γευστοῦ
τε
|
καὶ |
ἀγεύστου,
τοῦτο
δὲ
τὸ
μικρὸν |
[2, 8] |
γάρ
ἐστιν
ἡ
ποιοῦσα.
Διὸ
|
καὶ |
ἀδύνατον
ἑνὸς
ὄντος
γενέσθαι
ψόφον· |
[2, 11] |
πως
ἡ
ὄψις,
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
αἱ
λοιπαὶ
τῶν
ἀντικειμένων,
οὕτω |
[2, 4] |
εἰσι
τῶν
δυνάμεων
αἱ
ἐνέργειαι
|
καὶ |
αἱ
πράξεις
κατὰ
τὸν
λόγον. |
[2, 2] |
ἁφήν.
Ἐπεὶ
δὲ
ᾧ
ζῶμεν
|
καὶ |
αἰσθανόμεθα
διχῶς
λέγεται,
καθάπερ
ᾧ |
[2, 2] |
ψυχὴ
δὲ
τοῦτο
ᾧ
ζῶμεν
|
καὶ |
αἰσθανόμεθα
καὶ
διανοούμεθα
πρώτως-
ὥστε |
[2, 4] |
αὐτὴν
αἰτίαν,
οἷον
περὶ
τροφῆς
|
καὶ |
αἰσθητοῦ
καὶ
νοητοῦ.
Ὥστε
πρῶτον |
[2, 11] |
οἷον
ὄψις
λευκοῦ
καὶ
μέλανος,
|
καὶ |
ἀκοὴ
ὀξέος
καὶ
βαρέος,
καὶ |
[2, 6] |
ἐνδέχεται
ἀπατηθῆναι,
οἷον
ὄψις
χρώματος
|
καὶ |
ἀκοὴ
ψόφου
καὶ
γεῦσις
χυμοῦ, |
[2, 8] |
~(Νῦν
δὲ
πρῶτον
περὶ
ψόφου
|
καὶ |
ἀκοῆς
διορίσωμεν.
Ἔστι
δὲ
διττὸς |
[2, 12] |
τίνος
ἂν
πάσχοι
τὰ
ἄψυχα
|
καὶ |
ἀλλοιοῖτο;
ἆρ'
οὖν
κἀκεῖνα
ποιήσει; |
[2, 5] |
ἕτερα,
χρῆσθαι
ἀναγκαῖον
τῷ
πάσχειν
|
καὶ |
ἀλλοιοῦσθαι
ὡς
κυρίοις
ὀνόμασιν.
Τὸ |
[2, 4] |
ἡ
δύναμις
αὕτη.
Ἔστι
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἀλλοίωσις
καὶ
αὔξησις
κατὰ
ψυχήν· |
[2, 8] |
τῷ
περὶ
τὴν
ἁφὴν
ὀξεῖ
|
καὶ |
ἀμβλεῖ·
τὸ
μὲν
γὰρ
ὀξὺ |
[2, 8] |
τυπτόμενον
ἢ
τὸ
τύπτον;
ἢ
|
καὶ |
ἄμφω,
τρόπον
δ'
ἕτερον;
ἔστι |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
ἡ
ἁφὴ
τοῦ
ἁπτοῦ
|
καὶ |
ἀνάπτου·
ἄναπτον
δ'
ἐστὶ
τό |
[2, 9] |
αἰσθήσεων,
ἡ
μὲν
τοῦ
ἀκουστοῦ
|
καὶ |
ἀνηκούστου,
ἡ
δὲ
τοῦ
ὁρατοῦ |
[2, 9] |
καὶ
ἡ
ὄσφρησις
τοῦ
ὀσφραντοῦ
|
καὶ |
ἀνοσφράντου.
Ἀνόσφραντον
δὲ
τὸ
μὲν |
[2, 11] |
ψυχρόν.
Ἔτι
δ'
ὥσπερ
ὁρατοῦ
|
καὶ |
ἀοράτου
ἦν
πως
ἡ
ὄψις, |
[2, 9] |
ἀνηκούστου,
ἡ
δὲ
τοῦ
ὁρατοῦ
|
καὶ |
ἀοράτου,
καὶ
ἡ
ὄσφρησις
τοῦ |
[2, 9] |
τὴν
τροφὴν
ὕποσμα
γινόμενα.
Διὸ
|
καὶ |
ἄπορον
φαίνεται
εἰ
πάντα
μὲν |
[2, 10] |
δ'
εἶναι
ἀρχὴ
τὸ
ποτὸν
|
καὶ |
ἄποτον
(γεῦσις
γάρ
τις
ἀμφοτέρου· |
[2, 4] |
ψυχὴ
τοῦ
ζῶντος
σώματος
αἰτία
|
καὶ |
ἀρχή.
Ταῦτα
δὲ
πολλαχῶς
λέγεται, |
[2, 4] |
τὸ
εἶναί
ἐστιν,
αἰτία
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἀρχὴ
τούτου
ἡ
ψυχή.
Ἔτι |
[2, 2] |
γὰρ
ἐν
αὑτοῖς
ἔχοντα
δύναμιν
|
καὶ |
ἀρχὴν
τοιαύτην,
δι'
ἧς
αὔξησίν |
[2, 3] |
λόγος,
οὐδὲ
κατὰ
τὸ
οἰκεῖον
|
καὶ |
ἄτομον
εἶδος,
ἀφέντας
τὸν
τοιοῦτον. |
[2, 4] |
ὅμοιον
τῷ
ὁμοίῳ
τρέφεσθαι,
καθάπερ
|
καὶ |
αὐξάνεσθαι,
τοῖς
δ'
ὥσπερ
εἴπομεν |
[2, 4] |
πέρας
καὶ
λόγος
μεγέθους
τε
|
καὶ |
αὐξήσεως·
ταῦτα
δὲ
ψυχῆς,
ἀλλ' |
[2, 4] |
γένεσιν
ἐξ
ἀλλήλων
ἔχουσιν
ἀλλὰ
|
καὶ |
αὔξησιν·
γίνεται
γὰρ
πολλὰ
ἐξ |
[2, 1] |
τὴν
δι'
αὑτοῦ
τροφήν
τε
|
καὶ |
αὔξησιν
καὶ
φθίσιν.
Ὥστε
πᾶν |
[2, 2] |
κατὰ
τροφὴν
καὶ
φθίσις
τε
|
καὶ |
αὔξησις.
Διὸ
καὶ
τὰ
φυόμενα |
[2, 4] |
αὕτη.
Ἔστι
δὲ
καὶ
ἀλλοίωσις
|
καὶ |
αὔξησις
κατὰ
ψυχήν·
ἡ
μὲν |
[2, 4] |
συμβεβηκός.
Ἔστι
δ'
ἕτερον
τροφῇ
|
καὶ |
αὐξητικῷ
εἶναι·
ᾗ
μὲν
γὰρ |
[2, 4] |
σωμάτων
{ἢ
τῶν
στοιχείων}
τρεφόμενον
|
καὶ |
αὐξόμενον,
διὸ
καὶ
ἐν
τοῖς |
[2, 9] |
τοὐναντίον.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
καὶ
δριμεῖα
|
καὶ |
αὐστηρὰ
καὶ
ὀξεῖα
καὶ
λιπαρά |
[2, 9] |
τῶν
χρωμάτων
πλὴν
τῷ
φοβερῷ
|
καὶ |
ἀφόβῳ·
οὕτω
δὲ
καὶ
περὶ |
[2, 9] |
τὸ
αἰσθητήριον
τοῦτο
εἶναι
εὐφυεῖς
|
καὶ |
ἀφυεῖς,
παρ'
ἄλλο
δὲ
μηδέν· |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
μέλανος,
καὶ
ἀκοὴ
ὀξέος
|
καὶ |
βαρέος,
καὶ
γεῦσις
πικροῦ
καὶ |
[2, 11] |
ἐν
φωνῇ
οὐ
μόνον
ὀξύτης
|
καὶ |
βαρύτης,
ἀλλὰ
καὶ
μέγεθος
καὶ |
[2, 3] |
μὲν
γὰρ
ἐπιθυμία
καὶ
θυμὸς
|
καὶ |
βούλησις,
τὰ
δὲ
ζῷα
πάντ' |
[2, 2] |
τῶν
ἐντόμων
ἐν
τοῖς
διατεμνομένοις·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
αἴσθησιν
ἑκάτερον
τῶν
μερῶν |
[2, 4] |
τροφῆς
καὶ
τῆς
αὐξήσεως
εἶναι·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
αὐτὸ
φαίνεται
μόνον
τῶν |
[2, 6] |
ἐστὶν
ἴδια,
ἀλλὰ
κοινὰ
πάσαις·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
ἁφῇ
κίνησίς
τίς
ἐστιν |
[2, 5] |
κινεῖσθαι
καὶ
τοῦ
ἐνεργεῖν
λέγωμεν·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
ἔστιν
ἡ
κίνησις
ἐνέργειά |
[2, 4] |
τοὺς
διωρισμένους
τρόπους
τρεῖς
αἰτία·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
ὅθεν
ἡ
κίνησις
καὶ |
[2, 9] |
μεταξύ,
οἷον
ἀέρος
ἢ
ὕδατος·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
τὰ
ἔνυδρα
δοκοῦσιν
ὀσμῆς |
[2, 2] |
ζῷον
διὰ
τὴν
αἴσθησιν
πρώτως·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
τὰ
μὴ
κινούμενα
μηδ' |
[2, 8] |
καθάπερ
καὶ
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
φωτός·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
τὸ
φῶς
ἀεὶ
ἀνακλᾶται |
[2, 10] |
ἔτι
τε
τοῦ
λίαν
λαμπροῦ
|
(καὶ |
γὰρ
τοῦτο
ἀόρατον,
ἄλλον
δὲ |
[2, 7] |
τοιούτου
οἷον
τὸ
ἄνω
σῶμα·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
τούτῳ
τι
ὑπάρχει
ἓν |
[2, 9] |
καὶ
τὰ
ἐν
τῷ
ἀέρι·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
τούτων
ἔνια
πόρρωθεν
ἀπαντᾷ |
[2, 12] |
πάσχοντά
τι
ὑπὸ
τῶν
ἁπτῶν
|
(καὶ |
γὰρ
ψύχεται
καὶ
θερμαίνεται)
αἴτιον |
[2, 4] |
τούτου
ἔστιν
ἕως
ἂν
τρέφηται)
|
καὶ |
γενέσεως
ποιητικόν,
οὐ
τοῦ
τρεφομένου, |
[2, 4] |
νοητοῦ.
Ὥστε
πρῶτον
περὶ
τροφῆς
|
καὶ |
γεννήσεως
λεκτέον·
ἡ
γὰρ
θρεπτικὴ |
[2, 4] |
αὐτὴ
δύναμις
τῆς
ψυχῆς
θρεπτικὴ
|
καὶ |
γεννητική,
περὶ
τροφῆς
ἀναγκαῖον
διωρίσθαι |
[2, 7] |
αἴσθησιν
ποιήσει.
Περὶ
δὲ
ἁφῆς
|
καὶ |
γεύσεως
ἔχει
μὲν
ὁμοίως,
οὐ |
[2, 10] |
φύσιν)
ἔστι
δὲ
κοινὸν
ἁφῆς
|
καὶ |
γεύσεως
τὸ
ποτόν.
Ἐπεὶ
δ' |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
ἀκοὴ
ὀξέος
καὶ
βαρέος,
|
καὶ |
γεῦσις
πικροῦ
καὶ
γλυκέος·
ἐν |
[2, 6] |
ὄψις
χρώματος
καὶ
ἀκοὴ
ψόφου
|
καὶ |
γεῦσις
χυμοῦ,
ἡ
δ'
ἁφὴ |
[2, 5] |
οὐ
ποιοῦσιν
αἴσθησιν,
ἐνόντος
πυρὸς
|
καὶ |
γῆς
καὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων
στοιχείων, |
[2, 7] |
εἴρηκεν,
ὡς
φερομένου
τοῦ
φωτὸς
|
καὶ |
γιγνομένου
ποτὲ
μεταξὺ
τῆς
γῆς |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
βαρέος,
καὶ
γεῦσις
πικροῦ
|
καὶ |
γλυκέος·
ἐν
δὲ
τῷ
ἁπτῷ |
[2, 9] |
λέγω
δὲ
οἷον
γλυκεῖαν
ὀσμὴν
|
καὶ |
γλυκὺν
χυμόν,
τὰ
δὲ
τοὐναντίον. |
[2, 11] |
ἑκάτερον
αὐτῶν
θάτερον
τῶν
ἄκρων·
|
καὶ |
δεῖ
ὥσπερ
τὸ
μέλλον
αἰσθήσεσθαι |
[2, 11] |
ὄμματος
θείη
τὸ
ἔσχατον.
ἷΗ
|
καὶ |
δῆλον
ὅτι
ἐντὸς
τὸ
τοῦ |
[2, 5] |
ταῖς
ἐπιστήμαις
ταῖς
τῶν
αἰσθητῶν,
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τὴν
αὐτὴν
αἰτίαν,
ὅτι |
[2, 5] |
αἰσθήσεων
αὐτῶν
οὐ
γίνεται
αἴσθησις,
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τί
ἄνευ
τῶν
ἔξω |
[2, 12] |
τόνος
κρουομένων
σφόδρα
τῶν
χορδῶν)
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τί
ποτε
τὰ
φυτὰ |
[2, 12] |
ἐκείνου.
Φανερὸν
δ'
ἐκ
τούτων
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τί
ποτε
τῶν
αἰσθητῶν |
[2, 2] |
οὐκ
ἔστι,
σώματος
δέ
τι,
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τοῦτο
ἐν
σώματι
ὑπάρχει, |
[2, 8] |
ἀψύχων
ἀπότασιν
ἔχει
καὶ
μέλος
|
καὶ |
διάλεκτον.
Ἔοικε
γάρ,
ὅτι
καὶ |
[2, 4] |
μὲν
μᾶλλον
τὸ
δ'
ἧττον,
|
καὶ |
διαμένει
οὐκ
αὐτὸ
ἀλλ'
οἷον |
[2, 3] |
τελευταῖον
δὲ
καὶ
ἐλάχιστα
λογισμὸν
|
καὶ |
διάνοιαν·
οἷς
μὲν
γὰρ
ὑπάρχει |
[2, 2] |
τοῦτο
ᾧ
ζῶμεν
καὶ
αἰσθανόμεθα
|
καὶ |
διανοούμεθα
πρώτως-
ὥστε
λόγος
τις |
[2, 2] |
(δοκεῖ
γὰρ
ἐν
τῷ
πάσχοντι
|
καὶ |
διατιθεμένῳ
ἡ
τῶν
ποιητικῶν
ὑπάρχειν |
[2, 5] |
ἐπιστήμην
ὑπὸ
τοῦ
ἐντελεχείᾳ
ὄντος
|
καὶ |
διδασκαλικοῦ
ἤτοι
οὐδὲ
πάσχειν
φατέον, |
[2, 8] |
τούτῳ
ὁ
κατέχων.
Φανερὸν
δὲ
|
καὶ |
διότι
οἱ
ἰχθύες
ἄφωνοι·
οὐ |
[2, 3] |
τῶν
ἁπτῶν
ἐστιν.
Πεῖνα
δὲ
|
καὶ |
δίψα
ἐπιθυμία,
καὶ
ἡ
μὲν |
[2, 2] |
ἕτερα,
φανερόν·
αἰσθητικῷ
γὰρ
εἶναι
|
καὶ |
δοξαστικῷ
ἕτερον,
εἴπερ
καὶ
τὸ |
[2, 9] |
τὰ
δὲ
τοὐναντίον.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
δριμεῖα
καὶ
αὐστηρὰ
καὶ
ὀξεῖα |
[2, 12] |
μέγεθός
ἐστιν,
ἀλλὰ
λόγος
τις
|
καὶ |
δύναμις
ἐκείνου.
Φανερὸν
δ'
ἐκ |
[2, 9] |
ἡ
γὰρ
τοῦ
ὀσφραντοῦ
αἴσθησις
|
καὶ |
δυσώδους
καὶ
εὐώδους
ὄσφρησίς
ἐστιν. |
[2, 1] |
ὑπάρχειν
τὴν
ψυχὴν
καὶ
ὕπνος
|
καὶ |
ἐγρήγορσίς
ἐστιν,
ἀνάλογον
δ'
ἡ |
[2, 2] |
ἐστι
ψυχὴ
ἢ
μόριον
ψυχῆς,
|
καὶ |
εἰ
μόριον,
πότερον
οὕτως
ὥστ' |
[2, 7] |
τὸ
μεταξύ,
ὁρᾶσθαι
ἂν
ἀκριβῶς
|
καὶ |
εἰ
μύρμηξ
ἐν
τῷ
οὐρανῷ |
[2, 3] |
τε
καὶ
νοῦς,
οἷον
ἀνθρώποις
|
καὶ |
εἴ
τι
τοιοῦτον
ἕτερον
ἔστιν |
[2, 2] |
ὥστε
λόγος
τις
ἂν
εἴη
|
καὶ |
εἶδος,
ἀλλ'
οὐχ
ὕλη
καὶ |
[2, 1] |
τόδε
τι,
ἕτερον
δὲ
μορφὴν
|
καὶ |
εἶδος,
καθ'
ἣν
ἤδη
λέγεται |
[2, 2] |
ἐπιστήμη
τε
καὶ
ὑγίεια
μορφὴ
|
καὶ |
εἶδός
τι
καὶ
λόγος
καὶ |
[2, 5] |
(εἰς
αὑτὸ
γὰρ
ἡ
ἐπίδοσις
|
καὶ |
εἰς
ἐντελέχειαν)
ἢ
ἕτερον
γένος |
[2, 8] |
ποιῶν
ἀκούειν,
ὅταν
κινηθῇ
συνεχὴς
|
καὶ |
εἷς.
Ἀλλὰ
διὰ
τὸ
ψαθυρὸς |
[2, 5] |
τούτων
διασαφῆσαι
καιρὸς
γένοιτ'
ἂν
|
καὶ |
εἰςαῦθις·
νῦν
δὲ
διωρίσθω
τοσοῦτον, |
[2, 9] |
Ἔστι
δ'
ὥςπερ
ἡ
ἀκοὴ
|
καὶ |
ἑκάστη
τῶν
αἰσθήσεων,
ἡ
μὲν |
[2, 4] |
δύνανται·
πάντα
γὰρ
ἐκείνου
ὀρέγεται,
|
καὶ |
ἐκείνου
ἕνεκα
πράττει
ὅσα
πράττει |
[2, 3] |
δ'
οὐκ
ἔχει·
τελευταῖον
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἐλάχιστα
λογισμὸν
καὶ
διάνοιαν·
οἷς |
[2, 2] |
ἀλλὰ
καὶ
τὴν
αἰτίαν
ἐνυπάρχειν
|
καὶ |
ἐμφαίνεσθαι.
Νῦν
δ'
ὥσπερ
συμπεράσμαθ' |
[2, 8] |
ἔχει
ἀέρα
τὸ
κινησόμενον
μέρος
|
καὶ |
ἔμψυχον†
Αὐτὸς
μὲν
δὴ
ἄψοφον |
[2, 7] |
Πῦρ
δὲ
ἐν
ἀμφοῖν
ὁρᾶται,
|
καὶ |
ἐν
σκότει
καὶ
ἐν
φωτί, |
[2, 2] |
διὰ
τοῦτο
ἐν
σώματι
ὑπάρχει,
|
καὶ |
ἐν
σώματι
τοιούτῳ,
καὶ
οὐχ |
[2, 11] |
τοῦ
ἁπτικοῦ,
πότερον
ἡ
σὰρξ
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τοῖς
ἄλλοις
τὸ
ἀνάλογον, |
[2, 4] |
διὸ
καὶ
ἐν
τοῖς
φυτοῖς
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τοῖς
ζῴοις
ὑπολάβοι
τις |
[2, 4] |
στοιχείων}
τρεφόμενον
καὶ
αὐξόμενον,
διὸ
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τοῖς
φυτοῖς
καὶ
ἐν |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
νῦν
ἐν
τῷ
ὕδατι
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τῷ
ἀέρι·
δοκοῦμεν
γὰρ |
[2, 11] |
ὕδατι,
τὸν
αὐτὸν
δὲ
τρόπον
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τῷ
ἀέρι
(ὁμοίως
γὰρ |
[2, 7] |
ἡ
αὐτὴ
ἐν
τούτοις
ἀμφοτέροις
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τῷ
ἀϊδίῳ
τῷ
ἄνω |
[2, 9] |
τῶν
ζῴων.
Σημεῖον
δὲ
τὸ
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τῷ
γένει
τῶν
ἀνθρώπων |
[2, 8] |
τῆς
κινήσεως.
Διὰ
ταῦτα
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἐν
ὕδατι
ἀκούομεν,
ὅτι
οὐκ |
[2, 7] |
ἀμφοῖν
ὁρᾶται,
καὶ
ἐν
σκότει
|
καὶ |
ἐν
φωτί,
καὶ
τοῦτο
ἐξ |
[2, 11] |
δὲ
αἰσθητήριον
αὐτῶν
τὸ
ἁπτικόν,
|
καὶ |
ἐν
ᾧ
ἡ
καλουμένη
ἁφὴ |
[2, 8] |
ψόφος
ἀεί
τινος
πρός
τι
|
καὶ |
ἔν
τινι·
πληγὴ
γάρ
ἐστιν |
[2, 8] |
ψοφεῖ
τύπτοντός
τινος
καί
τι
|
καὶ |
ἔν
τινι,
τοῦτο
δ'
ἐστὶν |
[2, 4] |
μηδὲν
ἐνδέχεσθαι
τῶν
φθαρτῶν
ταὐτὸ
|
καὶ |
ἓν
ἀριθμῷ
διαμένειν,
ᾗ
δύναται |
[2, 5] |
καὶ
κινεῖται
ὑπὸ
τοῦ
ποιητικοῦ
|
καὶ |
ἐνεργείᾳ
ὄντος.
Διὸ
ἔστι
μὲν |
[2, 5] |
Διαιρετέον
δὲ
καὶ
περὶ
δυνάμεως
|
καὶ |
ἐντελεχείας·
νῦν
γὰρ
ἁπλῶς
ἐλέγομεν |
[2, 8] |
τοιαύτη,
τοῦ
δὲ
διὰ
βραδυτῆτα,
|
καὶ |
ἔοικεν
ἀνάλογον
ἔχειν
τῷ
περὶ |
[2, 10] |
τὸ
μὲν
ὅλως
λέγεται,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
ἐπ'
ἄλλων
τὸ
ἀδύνατον,
τὸ |
[2, 3] |
οὐδενὸς
ἔσται
σχήματος.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
ταῖς
εἰρημέναις
ψυχαῖς.
Διὸ |
[2, 11] |
δὲ
καὶ
ἐπὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων)
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῆς
ἁφῆς
μήτε
θερμὸν |
[2, 8] |
γε
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
ψόφου
καθάπερ
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
φωτός·
καὶ
γὰρ |
[2, 3] |
γελοῖον
ζητεῖν
τὸν
κοινὸν
λόγον
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τούτων
καὶ
ἐφ'
ἑτέρων, |
[2, 11] |
γε
ταύτην
τὴν
ἀπορίαν,
ὅτι
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων
αἰσθήσεων
εἰσὶν |
[2, 12] |
μὴ
δυνάμενον
ἰδεῖν·
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων.
Εἰ
δὲ |
[2, 11] |
Οὕτω
γὰρ
ἂν
συμβαίνοι
ὅπερ
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων·
ἐπιτιθεμένων
γὰρ |
[2, 9] |
τοιούτων·
τὸν
αὐτὸν
δὲ
τρόπον
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων.
Ἔστι
δ' |
[2, 11] |
δυνάμει
δ'
ἄμφω
(οὕτω
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων)
καὶ
ἐπὶ |
[2, 12] |
ὀσμῆς
(ὁ
δ'
αὐτὸς
λόγος
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων)
οὐδὲ
τῶν |
[2, 3] |
πρότερον
ἐπί
τε
τῶν
σχημάτων
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
ἐμψύχων,
οἷον
ἐν |
[2, 1] |
στάσεως
ἐν
ἑαυτῷ.
Θεωρεῖν
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
μερῶν
δεῖ
τὸ |
[2, 3] |
τὰς
εἰρημένας.
Γένοιτο
δ'
ἂν
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
σχημάτων
λόγος
κοινός, |
[2, 10] |
δ'
εἴδη
τῶν
χυμῶν,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τῶν
χρωμάτων,
ἁπλᾶ
μὲν |
[2, 2] |
ὅπου
δὲ
ταῦτα,
ἐξ
ἀνάγκης
|
καὶ |
ἐπιθυμία.
Περὶ
δὲ
τοῦ
νοῦ |
[2, 3] |
καὶ
λυπηρόν,
οἷς
δὲ
ταῦτα,
|
καὶ |
ἐπιθυμία·
τοῦ
γὰρ
ἡδέος
ὄρεξις |
[2, 5] |
ὅμοιον
ὄν,
πεπονθὸς
δ'
ὡμοίωται
|
καὶ |
ἔστιν
οἷον
ἐκεῖνο.
~(Λεκτέον
δὲ |
[2, 9] |
τοῦ
ὀσφραντοῦ
αἴσθησις
καὶ
δυσώδους
|
καὶ |
εὐώδους
ὄσφρησίς
ἐστιν.
Ἔτι
δὲ |
[2, 3] |
κοινὸν
λόγον
καὶ
ἐπὶ
τούτων
|
καὶ |
ἐφ'
ἑτέρων,
ὃς
οὐδενὸς
ἔσται |
[2, 5] |
ὅτι
ὁ
ἄνθρωπος
τῶν
ἐπιστημόνων
|
καὶ |
ἐχόντων
ἐπιστήμην·
ἔστι
δ'
ὡς |
[2, 2] |
πάντῃ,
ὅσα
ἀεὶ
τρέφεταί
τε
|
καὶ |
ζῇ
διὰ
τέλους,
ἕως
ἂν |
[2, 12] |
χρυσὸς
ἢ
χαλκός·
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἡ
αἴσθησις
ἑκάστου
ὑπὸ
τοῦ |
[2, 5] |
ἤδη
ἐνεργοῦν)
διχῶς
ἂν
λέγοιτο
|
καὶ |
ἡ
αἴσθησις,
ἡ
μὲν
ὡς |
[2, 10] |
τρόπον
τοῦ
σκότους)
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ἀκοὴ
ψόφου
τε
καὶ |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
χυμοῦ.
Εἰ
μὲν
οὖν
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ἄλλη
σὰρξ
ᾐσθάνετο
τοῦ |
[2, 11] |
μία
εἶναι
αἴσθησις
ἡ
γεῦσις
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ἀφή·
νῦν
δὲ
δύο |
[2, 11] |
αἱ
λοιπαὶ
τῶν
ἀντικειμένων,
οὕτω
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ἁφὴ
τοῦ
ἁπτοῦ
καὶ |
[2, 11] |
νῦν
δοκεῖ
ἡ
μὲν
γεῦσις
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ἁφὴ
τῷ
ἅπτεσθαι,
αἱ |
[2, 10] |
καὶ
τὸ
ἀπύρηνον-
οὕτω
δὴ
|
καὶ |
ἡ
γεῦσις
τοῦ
γευστοῦ
τε |
[2, 11] |
Ὅλως
δ'
ἔοικεν
ἡ
σὰρξ
|
καὶ |
ἡ
γλῶττα,
ὡς
ὁ
ἀὴρ |
[2, 1] |
ἐντελέχεια,
(ὡς
δ'
ἡ
ὄψις
|
καὶ |
ἡ
δύναμις
τοῦ
ὀργάνου,
ἡ |
[2, 1] |
τμῆσις
καὶ
ἡ
ὅρασις,
οὕτω
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ἐγρήγορσις
ἐντελέχεια,
(ὡς
δ' |
[2, 3] |
Πεῖνα
δὲ
καὶ
δίψα
ἐπιθυμία,
|
καὶ |
ἡ
μὲν
πεῖνα
ξηροῦ
καὶ |
[2, 1] |
Ὡς
μὲν
οὖν
ἡ
τμῆσις
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ὅρασις,
οὕτω
καὶ
ἡ |
[2, 9] |
τὸ
ἄγευστον
λέγεται.
Ἔστι
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ὄσφρησις
διὰ
τοῦ
μεταξύ, |
[2, 9] |
δὲ
τοῦ
ὁρατοῦ
καὶ
ἀοράτου,
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ὄσφρησις
τοῦ
ὀσφραντοῦ
καὶ |
[2, 10] |
καὶ
συντηκτικὸν
γλώττης.
Ὥσπερ
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ὄψις
ἐστὶ
τοῦ
τε |
[2, 1] |
ἀλλ'
ὥσπερ
ὀφθαλμὸς
ἡ
κόρη
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ὄψις,
κἀκεῖ
ἡ
ψυχὴ |
[2, 12] |
δ'
ἦν
ἡ
αἴσθησις-
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
ἡ
συμφωνία
καὶ
ὁ
τόνος |
[2, 7] |
ἐκ
διαφανοῦς,
ὥστε
δῆλον
ὅτι
|
καὶ |
ἡ
τούτου
παρουσία
τὸ
φῶς |
[2, 4] |
τὸ
τρεφόμενον,
ᾗ
ἔμψυχον,
ὥστε
|
καὶ |
ἡ
τροφὴ
πρὸς
ἔμψυχόν
ἐστι, |
[2, 5] |
μὲν
ὅτι
τὸ
γένος
τοιοῦτον
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ὕλη,
ὁ
δ'
ὅτι |
[2, 4] |
του
ποιεῖ,
τὸν
αὐτὸν
τρόπον
|
καὶ |
ἡ
φύσις,
καὶ
τοῦτ'
ἔστιν |
[2, 8] |
καὶ
διάλεκτον.
Ἔοικε
γάρ,
ὅτι
|
καὶ |
ἡ
φωνὴ
ταῦτ'
ἔχει.
Πολλὰ |
[2, 4] |
διττόν,
ὥσπερ
καὶ
ᾧ
κυβερνᾷ
|
καὶ |
ἡ
χεὶρ
καὶ
τὸ
πηδά- |
[2, 1] |
πελέκει
εἶναι
ἡ
οὐσία
αὐτοῦ,
|
καὶ |
ἡ
ψυχὴ
τοῦτο·
χωρισθείσης
δὲ |
[2, 2] |
γὰρ
αἴσθησις,
καὶ
λύπη
τε
|
καὶ |
ἡδονή,
ὅπου
δὲ
ταῦτα,
ἐξ |
[2, 8] |
τοῦτό
φασιν
ἀκούειν
τῷ
κενῷ
|
καὶ |
ἠχοῦντι,
ὅτι
ἀκούομεν
τῷ
ἔχοντι |
[2, 9] |
ὑφ'
ὧνπερ
ἄνθρωπος,
οἷον
ἀσφάλτου
|
καὶ |
θείου
καὶ
τῶν
τοιούτων.
Ὀσφραίνεσθαι |
[2, 12] |
τῶν
ἁπτῶν
(καὶ
γὰρ
ψύχεται
|
καὶ |
θερμαίνεται)
αἴτιον
γὰρ
τὸ
μὴ |
[2, 3] |
αἴσθησις·
ξηροῖς
γὰρ
καὶ
ὑγροῖς
|
καὶ |
θερμοῖς
καὶ
ψυχροῖς
τρέφεται
τὰ |
[2, 3] |
καὶ
ἡ
μὲν
πεῖνα
ξηροῦ
|
καὶ |
θερμοῦ,
ἡ
δὲ
δίψα
ὑγροῦ |
[2, 3] |
ὀρεκτικόν·
ὄρεξις
μὲν
γὰρ
ἐπιθυμία
|
καὶ |
θυμὸς
καὶ
βούλησις,
τὰ
δὲ |
[2, 2] |
τὸ
τυχόν.
Οὕτω
δὲ
γίνεται
|
καὶ |
κατὰ
λόγον·
ἑκάστου
γὰρ
ἡ |
[2, 12] |
ἐκείνων
λέγεται,
ἀλλ'
ᾗ
τοιονδί,
|
καὶ |
κατὰ
τὸν
λόγον.
Αἰσθητήριον
δὲ |
[2, 2] |
φανερωτέρων
δὲ
γίνεται
τὸ
σαφὲς
|
καὶ |
κατὰ
τὸν
λόγον
γνωριμώτερον,
πειρατέον |
[2, 4] |
γὰρ
ταὐτὸ
πᾶσι
τὸ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
κάτω
καὶ
τῷ
παντί,
ἀλλ' |
[2, 4] |
ὡσαύτως.
Οὔτε
γὰρ
τὸ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
κάτω
καλῶς
λαμβάνει
(οὐ
γὰρ |
[2, 5] |
ἑτέροις
εἴρηται.
Πάντα
δὲ
πάσχει
|
καὶ |
κινεῖται
ὑπὸ
τοῦ
ποιητικοῦ
καὶ |
[2, 2] |
αἴσθησιν
ἑκάτερον
τῶν
μερῶν
ἔχει
|
καὶ |
κίνησιν
τὴν
κατὰ
τόπον,
εἰ |
[2, 4] |
πηδά-
λιον,
τὸ
μὲν
κινοῦν
|
καὶ |
κινούμενον,
τὸ
δὲ
κινούμενον
μόνον. |
[2, 8] |
ἀλλὰ
χαλκὸς
καὶ
ὅσα
λεῖα
|
καὶ |
κοῖλα·
ὁ
μὲν
χαλκὸς
ὅτι |
[2, 4] |
τοῖς
ἄλλοις
ὑπάρχει,
καὶ
πρώτη
|
καὶ |
κοινοτάτη
δύναμίς
ἐστι
ψυχῆς,
καθ' |
[2, 5] |
δ'
ἤδη
θεωρῶν,
ἐντελεχείᾳ
ὢν
|
καὶ |
κυρίως
ἐπιστάμενος
τόδε
τὸ
Α. |
[2, 8] |
διὰ
τὸ
ἀγγεῖον
τὸ
διορίσαν
|
καὶ |
κωλῦσαν
θρυφθῆναι,
πάλιν
ὁ
ἀὴρ |
[2, 5] |
δ'
ἐκ
δυνάμει
ὄντος
μανθάνον
|
καὶ |
λαμβάνον
ἐπιστήμην
ὑπὸ
τοῦ
ἐντελεχείᾳ |
[2, 7] |
αἴσθησιν,
οἷον
τὰ
πυρώδη
φαινόμενα
|
καὶ |
λάμποντα
(ἀνώνυμα
δ'
ἐστὶ
ταῦτα |
[2, 8] |
οἷον
χαλκὸν
καὶ
ὅσα
στερεὰ
|
καὶ |
λεῖα,
ὅτι
δύναται
ψοφῆσαι
(τοῦτο |
[2, 11] |
ἀλλὰ
καὶ
μέγεθος
καὶ
μικρότης,
|
καὶ |
λειότης
καὶ
τραχύτης
φωνῆς,
καὶ |
[2, 7] |
οἷον
μύκης,
κρέας,
κεφαλαὶ
ἰχθύων
|
καὶ |
λεπίδες
καὶ
ὀφθαλμοί·
ἀλλ'
οὐδενὸς |
[2, 9] |
δριμεῖα
καὶ
αὐστηρὰ
καὶ
ὀξεῖα
|
καὶ |
λιπαρά
ἐστιν
ὀσμή.
Ἀλλ'
ὥσπερ |
[2, 2] |
ὑγίεια
μορφὴ
καὶ
εἶδός
τι
|
καὶ |
λόγος
καὶ
οἷον
ἐνέργεια
τοῦ |
[2, 4] |
φύσει
συνισταμένων
πάντων
ἔστι
πέρας
|
καὶ |
λόγος
μεγέθους
τε
καὶ
αὐξήσεως· |
[2, 2] |
μὲν
οὖν
ἐντελέχειά
τίς
ἐστι
|
καὶ |
λόγος
τοῦ
δύναμιν
ἔχοντος
εἶναι |
[2, 4] |
δὲ
ψυχῆς,
ἀλλ'
οὐ
πυρός,
|
καὶ |
λόγου
μᾶλλον
ἢ
ὕλης.
Ἐπεὶ |
[2, 3] |
αἴσθησις
ὑπάρχει,
τούτῳ
ἡδονή
τε
|
καὶ |
λύπη
καὶ
τὸ
ἡδύ
τε |
[2, 2] |
ὄρεξιν·
ὅπου
μὲν
γὰρ
αἴσθησις,
|
καὶ |
λύπη
τε
καὶ
ἡδονή,
ὅπου |
[2, 3] |
λύπη
καὶ
τὸ
ἡδύ
τε
|
καὶ |
λυπηρόν,
οἷς
δὲ
ταῦτα,
καὶ |
[2, 8] |
ὁμοιότητα
λέγεται
φωνεῖν,
οἷον
αὐλὸς
|
καὶ |
λύρα
καὶ
ὅσα
ἄλλα
τῶν |
[2, 11] |
θερμοῦ
καὶ
ψυχροῦ,
ἢ
σκληροῦ
|
καὶ |
μαλακοῦ,
οὐκ
αἰσθανόμεθα,
ἀλλὰ
τῶν |
[2, 10] |
ἀκουστὸν
τὸ
δ'
οὐκ
ἀκουστόν,
|
καὶ |
μεγάλου
ψόφου
καθάπερ
ἡ
ὄψις |
[2, 11] |
μόνον
ὀξύτης
καὶ
βαρύτης,
ἀλλὰ
|
καὶ |
μέγεθος
καὶ
μικρότης,
καὶ
λειότης |
[2, 11] |
εἶναι
δοκεῖ,
οἷον
ὄψις
λευκοῦ
|
καὶ |
μέλανος,
καὶ
ἀκοὴ
ὀξέος
καὶ |
[2, 11] |
ὥσπερ
τὸ
μέλλον
αἰσθήσεσθαι
λευκοῦ
|
καὶ |
μέλανος
μηδέτερον
αὐτῶν
εἶναι
ἐνεργείᾳ, |
[2, 9] |
πραγμάτων,
ἡ
μὲν
γλυκεῖα
κρόκου
|
καὶ |
μέλιτος,
ἡ
δὲ
δριμεῖα
θύμου |
[2, 8] |
ἄλλα
τῶν
ἀψύχων
ἀπότασιν
ἔχει
|
καὶ |
μέλος
καὶ
διάλεκτον.
Ἔοικε
γάρ, |
[2, 8] |
ἔμψυχόν
τε
εἶναι
τὸ
τύπτον
|
καὶ |
μετὰ
φαντασίας
τινός·
σημαντικὸς
γὰρ |
[2, 4] |
τροφή
(σώζει
γὰρ
τὴν
οὐσίαν,
|
καὶ |
μέχρι
τούτου
ἔστιν
ἕως
ἂν |
[2, 9] |
τὰ
σκληρόφθαλμα
τῶν
χρωμάτων
αἰσθάνεσθαι,
|
καὶ |
μὴ
διαδήλους
αὐτοῖς
εἶναι
τὰς |
[2, 8] |
ὅταν
ὑπομένῃ
πληγεὶς
ὁ
ἀὴρ
|
καὶ |
μὴ
διαχυθῇ.
Διὸ
ἐὰν
ταχέως |
[2, 1] |
ὁ
δ'
ὕπνος
τῷ
ἔχειν
|
καὶ |
μὴ
ἐνεργεῖν·
προτέρα
δὲ
τῇ |
[2, 4] |
ἔργων
τοῖς
ζῶσιν,
ὅσα
τέλεια
|
καὶ |
μὴ
πηρώματα
ἢ
τὴν
γένεσιν |
[2, 11] |
χυμοῦ,
ἐδόκει
ἂν
ἡ
αὐτὴ
|
καὶ |
μία
εἶναι
αἴσθησις
ἡ
γεῦσις |
[2, 11] |
ψόφου
καὶ
χρώματος
καὶ
ὀσμῆς,
|
καὶ |
μία
τις
αἴσθησις
εἶναι
ὄψις |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
βαρύτης,
ἀλλὰ
καὶ
μέγεθος
|
καὶ |
μικρότης,
καὶ
λειότης
καὶ
τραχύτης |
[2, 4] |
οἷον
περὶ
τροφῆς
καὶ
αἰσθητοῦ
|
καὶ |
νοητοῦ.
Ὥστε
πρῶτον
περὶ
τροφῆς |
[2, 3] |
δὲ
καὶ
τὸ
διανοητικόν
τε
|
καὶ |
νοῦς,
οἷον
ἀνθρώποις
καὶ
εἴ |
[2, 11] |
διείργει,
ὁμοίως
ἂν
ἔχοιμεν
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
νῦν
ἐν
τῷ
ὕδατι
καὶ |
[2, 10] |
τινὰ
καὶ
ὁ
μέγας
τε
|
καὶ |
ὁ
βίαιος)
ἀόρατον
δὲ
τὸ |
[2, 1] |
πλὴν
ὁμωνύμως,
καθάπερ
ὁ
λίθινος
|
καὶ |
ὁ
γεγραμμένος.
Δεῖ
δὴ
λαβεῖν |
[2, 1] |
τὸ
ἔχον·
τὸ
δὲ
σπέρμα
|
καὶ |
ὁ
καρπὸς
τὸ
δυνάμει
τοιονδὶ |
[2, 1] |
σώματος
τὸ
τί
ἦν
εἶναι
|
καὶ |
ὁ
λόγος
ἡ
ψυχή,
ἀλλὰ |
[2, 10] |
μικρὸς
ψόφος
ἀνήκουστος,
τρόπον
τινὰ
|
καὶ |
ὁ
μέγας
τε
καὶ
ὁ |
[2, 8] |
ἄλλων.
Δεῖται
δὲ
τῆς
ἀναπνοῆς
|
καὶ |
ὁ
περὶ
τὴν
καρδίαν
τόπος |
[2, 12] |
αἴσθησις-
ὥσπερ
καὶ
ἡ
συμφωνία
|
καὶ |
ὁ
τόνος
κρουομένων
σφόδρα
τῶν |
[2, 7] |
ὁρατὸν
δ'
ἐστὶ
χρῶμά
τε
|
καὶ |
ὃ
λόγῳ
μὲν
ἔστιν
εἰπεῖν, |
[2, 4] |
καὶ
τὸ
ᾧ.
Ἀλλὰ
μὴν
|
καὶ |
ὅθεν
πρῶτον
ἡ
κατὰ
τόπον |
[2, 12] |
τὸ
ξύλον.
Ἀλλὰ
τὰ
ἁπτὰ
|
καὶ |
οἱ
χυμοὶ
ποιοῦσιν·
εἰ
γὰρ |
[2, 2] |
καὶ
εἶδός
τι
καὶ
λόγος
|
καὶ |
οἷον
ἐνέργεια
τοῦ
δεκτικοῦ,
ἡ |
[2, 10] |
τις
ἰσχυροῦ
χυμοῦ
γεύηται
ἑτέρου,
|
καὶ |
οἷον
τοῖς
κάμνουσι
πικρὰ
πάντα |
[2, 2] |
μορίῳ
τινὶ
τοῦ
σώματος
ἢ
|
καὶ |
ὅλῳ,
τούτων
δ'
ἡ
μὲν |
[2, 5] |
ἐντελεχείᾳ
ὄντος
τοῦ
δυνάμει
ὄντος
|
καὶ |
ὁμοίου
οὕτως
ὡς
δύναμις
ἔχει |
[2, 9] |
ἀνάλογον
ἔχειν
πρὸς
τὴν
γεῦσιν,
|
καὶ |
ὁμοίως
τὰ
εἴδη
τῶν
χυμῶν |
[2, 9] |
δὲ
καὶ
δριμεῖα
καὶ
αὐστηρὰ
|
καὶ |
ὀξεῖα
καὶ
λιπαρά
ἐστιν
ὀσμή. |
[2, 10] |
καὶ
τὸ
αὐστηρὸν
καὶ
στρυφνὸν
|
καὶ |
ὀξύ·
σχεδὸν
γὰρ
αὗται
δοκοῦσιν |
[2, 5] |
δυνάμει
ἀκοῦον
καὶ
ὁρῶν
ἀκούειν
|
καὶ |
ὁρᾶν
λέγομεν,
κἂν
τύχῃ
καθεῦδον, |
[2, 2] |
εἰ
δ'
αἴσθησιν,
καὶ
φαντασίαν
|
καὶ |
ὄρεξιν·
ὅπου
μὲν
γὰρ
αἴσθησις, |
[2, 3] |
τῶν
ζώντων
τοῖς
ἔχουσιν
ἁφὴν
|
καὶ |
ὄρεξις
ὑπάρχει.
Περὶ
δὲ
φαντασίας |
[2, 4] |
ὅτι
λέγουσί
τινα
τρόπον
ἀμφότεροι
|
καὶ |
ὀρθῶς
καὶ
οὐκ
ὀρθῶς.
Ἐπεὶ |
[2, 5] |
(τό
τε
γὰρ
δυνάμει
ἀκοῦον
|
καὶ |
ὁρῶν
ἀκούειν
καὶ
ὁρᾶν
λέγομεν, |
[2, 8] |
φωνεῖν,
οἷον
αὐλὸς
καὶ
λύρα
|
καὶ |
ὅσα
ἄλλα
τῶν
ἀψύχων
ἀπότασιν |
[2, 8] |
ἔρια
ἂν
πληγῇ,
ἀλλὰ
χαλκὸς
|
καὶ |
ὅσα
λεῖα
καὶ
κοῖλα·
ὁ |
[2, 8] |
τὰ
δ'
ἔχειν,
οἷον
χαλκὸν
|
καὶ |
ὅσα
στερεὰ
καὶ
λεῖα,
ὅτι |
[2, 9] |
γλυκὺς
ὁ
δὲ
πικρός,
οὕτω
|
καὶ |
ὀσμαί,
ἀλλὰ
τὰ
μὲν
ἔχουσι |
[2, 7] |
αὐτὸς
λόγος
καὶ
περὶ
ψόφου
|
καὶ |
ὀσμῆς
ἐστιν·
οὐθὲν
γὰρ
αὐτῶν |
[2, 11] |
αἰσθάνεσθαι
καὶ
ψόφου
καὶ
χρώματος
|
καὶ |
ὀσμῆς,
καὶ
μία
τις
αἴσθησις |
[2, 9] |
ἐστι
λόγος.
~(Περὶ
δὲ
ὀσμῆς
|
καὶ |
ὀσφραντοῦ
ἧττον
εὐδιόριστόν
ἐστι
τῶν |
[2, 1] |
πρώτη
σώματος
φυσικοῦ
ὀργανικοῦ.
Διὸ
|
καὶ |
οὐ
δεῖ
ζητεῖν
εἰ
ἓν |
[2, 2] |
ἔχοντα
δ'
αἴσθησιν,
ζῷα
λέγομεν
|
καὶ |
οὐ
ζῆν
μόνον.
Αἰσθήσεως
δὲ |
[2, 4] |
ἡ
τροφὴ
πρὸς
ἔμψυχόν
ἐστι,
|
καὶ |
οὐ
κατὰ
συμβεβηκός.
Ἔστι
δ' |
[2, 12] |
ψόφου,
καὶ
τὰ
πάσχοντα
ἀόριστα,
|
καὶ |
οὐ
μένει,
οἷον
ἀήρ
(ὄζει |
[2, 8] |
τις
ψόφος
ἐστὶν
ἡ
φωνή)
|
καὶ |
οὐ
τοῦ
ἀναπνεομένου
ἀέρος
ὥσπερ |
[2, 4] |
καὶ
γὰρ
ὅθεν
ἡ
κίνησις
|
καὶ |
οὗ
ἕνεκα
καὶ
ὡς
ἡ |
[2, 4] |
ἡ
ἐντελέχεια.
Φανερὸν
δ'
ὡς
|
καὶ |
οὗ
ἕνεκεν
ἡ
ψυχὴ
αἰτία· |
[2, 11] |
δοκοῦμεν
γὰρ
νῦν
αὐτῶν
ἅπτεσθαι
|
καὶ |
οὐδὲν
εἶναι
διὰ
μέσου.
Ἀλλὰ |
[2, 6] |
συμβέβηκε
τοῦτο,
οὗ
αἰσθάνεται·
διὸ
|
καὶ |
οὐδὲν
πάσχει
ᾗ
τοιοῦτον
ὑπὸ |
[2, 5] |
καυστικοῦ·
ἔκαιε
γὰρ
ἂν
ἑαυτό,
|
καὶ |
οὐθὲν
ἐδεῖτο
τοῦ
ἐντελεχείᾳ
πυρὸς |
[2, 9] |
ζῴων·
φαύλως
γὰρ
ἄνθρωπος
ὀσμᾶται,
|
καὶ |
οὐθενὸς
αἰσθάνεται
τῶν
ὀσφραντῶν
ἄνευ |
[2, 6] |
ἑκάστη
γε
κρίνει
περὶ
τούτων,
|
καὶ |
οὐκ
ἀπατᾶται
ὅτι
χρῶμα
οὐδ' |
[2, 8] |
ὠσίν,
ἀλλ'
ὁ
ψόφος
ἀλλότριος
|
καὶ |
οὐκ
ἴδιος.
Καὶ
διὰ
τοῦτό |
[2, 4] |
τινα
τρόπον
ἀμφότεροι
καὶ
ὀρθῶς
|
καὶ |
οὐκ
ὀρθῶς.
Ἐπεὶ
δ'
οὐθὲν |
[2, 4] |
αὐξητικόν,
ᾗ
δὲ
τόδε
τι
|
καὶ |
οὐσία,
τροφή
(σώζει
γὰρ
τὴν |
[2, 7] |
(εἴη
γὰρ
ἂν
σῶμά
τι
|
καὶ |
οὕτως)
ἀλλὰ
πυρὸς
ἢ
τοιούτου |
[2, 12] |
αἰσθητικὸν
ἕκαστον.
Ἅμα
δὲ
δῆλον
|
καὶ |
οὕτως·
οὔτε
γὰρ
φῶς
καὶ |
[2, 7] |
ἐν
φωτὶ
ὁρώμενον
χρῶμα
(διὸ
|
καὶ |
οὐχ
ὁρᾶται
ἄνευ
φωτός·
τοῦτο |
[2, 2] |
ὑπάρχει,
καὶ
ἐν
σώματι
τοιούτῳ,
|
καὶ |
οὐχ
ὥσπερ
οἱ
πρότερον
εἰς |
[2, 7] |
κρέας,
κεφαλαὶ
ἰχθύων
καὶ
λεπίδες
|
καὶ |
ὀφθαλμοί·
ἀλλ'
οὐδενὸς
ὁρᾶται
τούτων |
[2, 6] |
ἁφῇ
κίνησίς
τίς
ἐστιν
αἰσθητὴ
|
καὶ |
ὄψει.
Κατὰ
συμβεβηκὸς
δὲ
λέγεται |
[2, 2] |
οὔ,
ἀλλ'
ὁμοίως
ἐπ'
ἄμφω
|
καὶ |
πάντῃ,
ὅσα
ἀεὶ
τρέφεταί
τε |
[2, 7] |
παρὰ
τὴν
τοῦ
λόγου
ἐνάργειαν
|
καὶ |
παρὰ
τὰ
φαινόμενα·
ἐν
μικρῷ |
[2, 7] |
δὲ
λανθάνοντος·
τοῦτο
γάρ
ἐστι
|
καὶ |
παρὰ
τὴν
τοῦ
λόγου
ἐνάργειαν |
[2, 2] |
θρεπτικὸν
δύναται
χωρίζεσθαι
τῆς
ἁφῆς
|
καὶ |
πάσης
αἰσθήσεως,
οὕτως
ἡ
ἁφὴ |
[2, 5] |
καθόλου
λόγοις
περὶ
τοῦ
ποιεῖν
|
καὶ |
πάσχειν.
Ἔχει
δ'
ἀπορίαν
διὰ |
[2, 5] |
αἴσθησις
ἐν
τῷ
κινεῖσθαί
τε
|
καὶ |
πάσχειν
συμβαίνει,
καθάπερ
εἴρηται·
δοκεῖ |
[2, 12] |
αἰσθάνεται,
ἔχοντά
τι
μόριον
ψυχικὸν
|
καὶ |
πάσχοντά
τι
ὑπὸ
τῶν
ἁπτῶν |
[2, 4] |
μὴ
μετέχει
ψυχῆς,
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
περὶ
αὐξήσεώς
τε
καὶ
φθίσεως |
[2, 11] |
αὐτοῦ.
~(Περὶ
δὲ
τοῦ
ἁπτοῦ
|
καὶ |
περὶ
ἁφῆς
ὁ
αὐτὸς
λόγος· |
[2, 5] |
δ'
ὅμοιόν
ἐστιν.
Διαιρετέον
δὲ
|
καὶ |
περὶ
δυνάμεως
καὶ
ἐντελεχείας·
νῦν |
[2, 2] |
δυνάμει
δὲ
πλειόνων,
οὕτως
ὁρῶμεν
|
καὶ |
περὶ
ἑτέρας
διαφορὰς
τῆς
ψυχῆς |
[2, 6] |
μὴ
ἐνδέχεται
ἑτέρᾳ
αἰσθήσει
αἰσθάνεσθαι,
|
καὶ |
περὶ
ὃ
μὴ
ἐνδέχεται
ἀπατηθῆναι, |
[2, 2] |
αἰτίαν,
ὕστερον
ἐπισκεπτέον.
Παραπλήσιον
δὲ
|
καὶ |
περὶ
τὰς
αἰσθήσεις
συμβέβηκεν·
τὰ |
[2, 9] |
φοβερῷ
καὶ
ἀφόβῳ·
οὕτω
δὲ
|
καὶ |
περὶ
τὰς
ὀσμὰς
τὸ
τῶν |
[2, 7] |
μὴ
ἀναπνέοντα.
Ἡ
δ'
αἰτία
|
καὶ |
περὶ
τούτων
ὕστερον
λεχθήσεται.
~(Νῦν |
[2, 4] |
εἶθ'
οὕτως
περὶ
τῶν
ἐχομένων
|
καὶ |
περὶ
τῶν
ἄλλων
ἐπιζητεῖν.
Εἰ |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
τοιαῦθ'
ἕτερα.
Εἰσὶ
δὲ
|
καὶ |
περὶ
χρῶμα
διαφοραὶ
τοιαῦται
ἕτεραι. |
[2, 7] |
διαφανές.
Ὁ
δ'
αὐτὸς
λόγος
|
καὶ |
περὶ
ψόφου
καὶ
ὀσμῆς
ἐστιν· |
[2, 3] |
τούτων
ἑκάστου
λόγος,
οὗτος
οἰκειότατος
|
καὶ |
περὶ
ψυχῆς,
δῆλον.
~(Ἀναγκαῖον
δὲ |
[2, 4] |
τὴν
δὲ
τροφὴν
δεῖν
μεταβάλλειν
|
καὶ |
πέττεσθαι·
ἡ
δὲ
μεταβολὴ
πᾶσιν |
[2, 8] |
ἡ
μὲν
γεῦσις
ἀναγκαῖον
(διὸ
|
καὶ |
πλείοσιν
ὑπάρχει)
ἡ
δ'
ἑρμηνεία |
[2, 2] |
αὐτήν,
οὐθὲν
προσδιορίζοντες
ἐν
τίνι
|
καὶ |
ποίῳ,
καίπερ
οὐδὲ
φαινομένου
τοῦ |
[2, 7] |
δέ
ἐστιν
ἀὴρ
καὶ
ὕδωρ
|
καὶ |
πολλὰ
τῶν
στερεῶν·
οὐ
γὰρ |
[2, 5] |
ὁ
μὲν
διὰ
μαθήσεως
ἀλλοιωθεὶς
|
καὶ |
πολλάκις
ἐξ
ἐναντίας
μεταβαλὼν
ἕξεως, |
[2, 6] |
τὰ
ἴδια
κυρίως
ἐστὶν
αἰσθητά,
|
καὶ |
πρὸς
ἃ
ἡ
οὐσία
πέφυκεν |
[2, 8] |
δ'
αἴτιον
ἐν
ἑτέροις
εἰρήσεται)
|
καὶ |
πρὸς
τὴν
φωνὴν
ὅπως
ὑπάρχῃ |
[2, 8] |
στερεῶν
πληγὴν
γενέσθαι
πρὸς
ἄλληλα
|
καὶ |
πρὸς
τὸν
ἀέρα.
Τοῦτο
δὲ |
[2, 11] |
τούτων
λανθάνει.
Καίτοι
καθάπερ
εἴπομεν
|
καὶ |
πρότερον,
κἂν
εἰ
δι'
ὑμένος |
[2, 4] |
ψυχὴ
καὶ
τοῖς
ἄλλοις
ὑπάρχει,
|
καὶ |
πρώτη
καὶ
κοινοτάτη
δύναμίς
ἐστι |
[2, 5] |
δὲ
περὶ
αὐτῶν
ὅτι
ἕτερα
|
καὶ |
πῶς
ἕτερα,
χρῆσθαι
ἀναγκαῖον
τῷ |
[2, 8] |
ὥστε
τὸν
ἀέρα
ἀθροῦν
ἀφάλλεσθαι
|
καὶ |
σείεσθαι.
Αἱ
δὲ
διαφοραὶ
τῶν |
[2, 10] |
καὶ
ἡ
ἀκοὴ
ψόφου
τε
|
καὶ |
σιγῆς,
ὧν
τὸ
μὲν
ἀκουστὸν |
[2, 12] |
καὶ
οὕτως·
οὔτε
γὰρ
φῶς
|
καὶ |
σκότος
οὔτε
ψόφος
οὔτε
ὀσμὴ |
[2, 1] |
φυσικοῦ
τοιουδί,
ἔχοντος
ἀρχὴν
κινήσεως
|
καὶ |
στάσεως
ἐν
ἑαυτῷ.
Θεωρεῖν
δὲ |
[2, 2] |
φαμεν,
οἷον
νοῦς,
αἴσθησις,
κίνησις
|
καὶ |
στάσις
ἡ
κατὰ
τόπον,
ἔτι |
[2, 10] |
τε
δριμὺ
καὶ
τὸ
αὐστηρὸν
|
καὶ |
στρυφνὸν
καὶ
ὀξύ·
σχεδὸν
γὰρ |
[2, 11] |
τούτῳ
τὸ
αἰσθητήριον
(εἰ
δὲ
|
καὶ |
συμφυὲς
γένοιτο,
θᾶττον
ἔτι
διικνοῖτ' |
[2, 10] |
ἁλμυρόν·
εὔτηκτόν
τε
γὰρ
αὐτὸ
|
καὶ |
συντηκτικὸν
γλώττης.
Ὥσπερ
δὲ
καὶ |
[2, 8] |
μὴ
διαχυθῇ.
Διὸ
ἐὰν
ταχέως
|
καὶ |
σφοδρῶς
πληγῇ,
ψοφεῖ·
δεῖ
γὰρ |
[2, 3] |
ἂν
εἴη
λόγος
ψυχῆς
τε
|
καὶ |
σχήματος·
οὔτε
γὰρ
ἐκεῖ
σχῆμα |
[2, 1] |
ὡς
συνθέτη.
Ἐπεὶ
δ'
ἐστὶ
|
καὶ |
σῶμα
καὶ
τοιόνδε,
ζωὴν
γὰρ |
[2, 9] |
αἰσθάνεσθαι,
ὁμοίως
καὶ
τὰ
ἔναιμα
|
καὶ |
τὰ
ἄναιμα,
ὥσπερ
καὶ
τὰ |
[2, 11] |
ἐστὶν
αἴσθησις
ἀλλὰ
πλείους,
ἀναγκαῖον
|
καὶ |
τὰ
ἁπτὰ
αἰσθητὰ
πλείω
εἶναι. |
[2, 9] |
ἔναιμα
καὶ
τὰ
ἄναιμα,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
τὰ
ἐν
τῷ
ἀέρι·
καὶ |
[2, 11] |
λανθάνει
δὲ
μᾶλλον
ἡμᾶς,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
τὰ
ἐν
τῷ
ὕδατι
ζῷα |
[2, 9] |
ἔνυδρα
δοκοῦσιν
ὀσμῆς
αἰσθάνεσθαι,
ὁμοίως
|
καὶ |
τὰ
ἔναιμα
καὶ
τὰ
ἄναιμα, |
[2, 7] |
ἀμφοτέροις
ὑπάρχει
τούτοις·
φαίνεται
γὰρ
|
καὶ |
τὰ
ἔνυδρα
τῶν
ζῴων
ἔχειν |
[2, 3] |
σχῆμα
παρὰ
τὸ
τρίγωνον
ἔστι
|
καὶ |
τὰ
ἐφεξῆς,
οὔτ'
ἐνταῦθα
ψυχὴ |
[2, 3] |
ἔχει
τῷ
περὶ
τῶν
σχημάτων
|
καὶ |
τὰ
κατὰ
ψυχήν·
ἀεὶ
γὰρ |
[2, 3] |
ὑπάρχει
λογισμὸς
τῶν
φθαρτῶν,
τούτοις
|
καὶ |
τὰ
λοιπὰ
πάντα,
οἷς
δ' |
[2, 5] |
καὶ
τὸ
ἀκουστόν,
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τὰ
λοιπὰ
τῶν
αἰσθητῶν.
Αἴτιον |
[2, 12] |
παθητικὸν
ὑπ'
ὀσμῆς
καὶ
ψόφου,
|
καὶ |
τὰ
πάσχοντα
ἀόριστα,
καὶ
οὐ |
[2, 9] |
τοῦ
αἰσθητηρίου.
Εὔλογον
δ'
οὕτω
|
καὶ |
τὰ
σκληρόφθαλμα
τῶν
χρωμάτων
αἰσθάνεσθαι, |
[2, 1] |
ἂν
ᾖ
ὀργανικόν.
(Ὄργανα
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τὰ
τῶν
φυτῶν
μέρη,
ἀλλὰ |
[2, 4] |
καθάπερ
τὰ
τῶν
ζῴων,
οὕτω
|
καὶ |
τὰ
τῶν
φυτῶν,
ὡς
ἕνεκα |
[2, 2] |
τοιοῦτον
μόριον
τῆς
ψυχῆς
οὗ
|
καὶ |
τὰ
φυόμενα
μετέχει)
τὰ
δὲ |
[2, 2] |
φθίσις
τε
καὶ
αὔξησις.
Διὸ
|
καὶ |
τὰ
φυόμενα
πάντα
δοκεῖ
ζῆν· |
[2, 4] |
χρὴ
τὰ
ὄργανα
λέγειν
ἕτερα
|
καὶ |
ταὐτὰ
τοῖς
ἔργοις)
πρὸς
δὲ |
[2, 7] |
γὰρ
τούτῳ
τι
ὑπάρχει
ἓν
|
καὶ |
ταὐτόν.
Τί
μὲν
οὖν
τὸ |
[2, 8] |
φωνή,
καθάπερ
εἴπομεν-
ἔστι
γὰρ
|
καὶ |
τῇ
γλώττῃ
ψοφεῖν
καὶ
ὡς |
[2, 2] |
ἐντελέχεια
ἐν
τῷ
δυνάμει
ὑπάρχοντι
|
καὶ |
τῇ
οἰκείᾳ
ὕλῃ
πέφυκεν
ἐγγίνεσθαι. |
[2, 2] |
πλεῖστοι
τῶν
ὅρων
λέγουσιν,
ἀλλὰ
|
καὶ |
τὴν
αἰτίαν
ἐνυπάρχειν
καὶ
ἐμφαίνεσθαι. |
[2, 11] |
τὸ
ὕδωρ
πρὸς
τὴν
ὄψιν
|
καὶ |
τὴν
ἀκοὴν
καὶ
τὴν
ὄσφρησιν |
[2, 4] |
εἰς
τἀναντία
φερόμενα
τὸ
πῦρ
|
καὶ |
τὴν
γῆν;
διασπασθήσεται
γάρ,
εἰ |
[2, 8] |
γλώττῃ
ἐπί
τε
τὴν
γεῦσιν
|
καὶ |
τὴν
διάλεκτον,
ὧν
ἡ
μὲν |
[2, 5] |
ἐπὶ
τὰς
στερητικὰς
διαθέσεις
μεταβολὴν
|
καὶ |
τὴν
ἐπὶ
τὰς
ἕξεις
καὶ |
[2, 11] |
τὴν
ὄψιν
καὶ
τὴν
ἀκοὴν
|
καὶ |
τὴν
ὄσφρησιν
ἔχουσιν,
οὕτως
ἔχειν |
[2, 5] |
καὶ
τὴν
ἐπὶ
τὰς
ἕξεις
|
καὶ |
τὴν
φύσιν.
Οῦ
δ'
αἰσθητικοῦ |
[2, 8] |
(τοῦτο
δ'
ἐστὶν
αὐτοῦ
μεταξὺ
|
καὶ |
τῆς
ἀκοῆς
ἐμποιῆσαι
ψόφον
ἐνεργείᾳ) |
[2, 4] |
φύσις
ἁπλῶς
αἰτία
τῆς
τροφῆς
|
καὶ |
τῆς
αὐξήσεως
εἶναι·
καὶ
γὰρ |
[2, 2] |
ἐπιθυμία.
Περὶ
δὲ
τοῦ
νοῦ
|
καὶ |
τῆς
θεωρητικῆς
δυνάμεως
οὐδέν
πω |
[2, 4] |
ἔτι
λεκτέον
τί
τὸ
νοεῖν
|
καὶ |
τί
τὸ
αἰσθάνεσθαι·
πρότεραι
γάρ |
[2, 11] |
πότερον
πλείους
εἰσὶν
ἢ
μία,
|
καὶ |
τί
τὸ
αἰσθητήριον
τὸ
τοῦ |
[2, 7] |
Τί
μὲν
οὖν
τὸ
διαφανὲς
|
καὶ |
τί
τὸ
φῶς,
εἴρηται,
ὅτι |
[2, 1] |
πειρώμενοι
διορίσαι
τί
ἐστι
ψυχὴ
|
καὶ |
τίς
ἂν
εἴη
κοινότατος
λόγος |
[2, 3] |
ἑκάστου
ψυχή,
οἷον
τίς
φυτοῦ
|
καὶ |
τίς
ἀνθρώπου
ἢ
θηρίου.
Διὰ |
[2, 9] |
ἔχον
καὶ
φαύλην.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἄγευστον
λέγεται.
Ἔστι
δὲ |
[2, 5] |
γεννηθῇ,
ἔχει
ἤδη,
ὥσπερ
ἐπιστήμην,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αἰσθάνεσθαι.
Τὸ
κατ'
ἐνέργειαν |
[2, 2] |
εἶναι
καὶ
δοξαστικῷ
ἕτερον,
εἴπερ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αἰσθάνεσθαι
τοῦ
δοξάζειν,
ὁμοίως |
[2, 10] |
δ'
ὑγρὸν
τὸ
γευστόν,
ἀνάγκη
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αἰσθητήριον
αὐτοῦ
μήτε
ὑγρὸν |
[2, 3] |
μόνον,
ἑτέροις
δὲ
τοῦτό
τε
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αἰσθητικόν.
Εἰ
δὲ
τὸ |
[2, 5] |
δὲ
ὡς
ἐνεργείᾳ.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αἰσθητόν,
τό
τε
δυνάμει |
[2, 4] |
ἔσται,
τοῦτ'
ἔστιν
ἡ
ψυχή,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αἴτιον
τοῦ
αὐξάνεσθαι
καὶ |
[2, 5] |
τῆς
ἐνεργείας
ἔξωθεν,
τὸ
ὁρατὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἀκουστόν,
ὁμοίως
δὲ
καὶ |
[2, 11] |
οἷον
βούλεται
εἶναι
ἡ
σὰρξ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἀνάλογον·
ὥστε
ἀναγκαῖον
τὸ |
[2, 7] |
Ἄχρουν
δ'
ἐστὶ
τὸ
διαφανὲς
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἀόρατον
ἢ
τὸ
μόλις |
[2, 10] |
ἢ
φαύλως,
ὥσπερ
τὸ
ἄπουν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἀπύρηνον-
οὕτω
δὴ
καὶ |
[2, 10] |
δὲ
τούτων
τό
τε
δριμὺ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αὐστηρὸν
καὶ
στρυφνὸν
καὶ |
[2, 8] |
οὐδ'
ἄνευ
ψόφου
τὸ
ὀξὺ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
βαρύ.
Ταῦτα
δὲ
λέγεται |
[2, 3] |
κατὰ
τόπον
κινητικόν,
ἑτέροις
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
διανοητικόν
τε
καὶ
νοῦς, |
[2, 1] |
ἡ
ὕλη·
τὸ
γὰρ
ἓν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
εἶναι
ἐπεὶ
πλεοναχῶς
λέγεται, |
[2, 5] |
αἰσθητόν,
τό
τε
δυνάμει
ὂν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἐνεργείᾳ.
Πρῶτον
μὲν
οὖν |
[2, 5] |
ὁρᾶν
λέγομεν,
κἂν
τύχῃ
καθεῦδον,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἤδη
ἐνεργοῦν)
διχῶς
ἂν |
[2, 3] |
τούτῳ
ἡδονή
τε
καὶ
λύπη
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἡδύ
τε
καὶ
λυπηρόν, |
[2, 3] |
Ἐνίοις
δὲ
πρὸς
τούτοις
ὑπάρχει
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κατὰ
τόπον
κινητικόν,
ἑτέροις |
[2, 11] |
ἔστιν,
ἀλλὰ
καὶ
τὸ
σκληρὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
μαλακὸν
δι'
ἑτέρων
αἰσθανόμεθα, |
[2, 9] |
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
μυκτῆρος
ἐντὸς
τεθῇ·
|
καὶ |
τὸ
μὲν
ἐπ'
αὐτῷ
τιθέμενον |
[2, 5] |
τις
εἶναι.
Φασὶ
δέ
τινες
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὅμοιον
ὑπὸ
τοῦ
ὁμοίου |
[2, 11] |
αἰσθανόμεθα,
ὥσπερ
καὶ
τὸ
ψοφητικὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὁρατὸν
καὶ
τὸ
ὀσφραντόν· |
[2, 3] |
αἰσθητικόν.
Εἰ
δὲ
τὸ
αἰσθητικόν,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὀρεκτικόν·
ὄρεξις
μὲν
γὰρ |
[2, 9] |
ἐν
τῷ
διαφανεῖ-
οὕτως
οὖν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὀσφραντικὸν
αἰσθητήριον
τοῖς
μὲν |
[2, 11] |
τὸ
ψοφητικὸν
καὶ
τὸ
ὁρατὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὀσφραντόν·
ἀλλὰ
τὰ
μὲν |
[2, 1] |
οὐδ'
ὅλως
τὴν
ἑκάστου
ὕλην
|
καὶ |
τὸ
οὗ
ἡ
ὕλη·
τὸ |
[2, 4] |
ᾧ
κυβερνᾷ
καὶ
ἡ
χεὶρ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
πηδά-
λιον,
τὸ
μὲν |
[2, 10] |
ἁπλᾶ
μὲν
τἀναντία,
τὸ
γλυκὺ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
πικρόν,
ἐχόμενα
δὲ
τοῦ |
[2, 11] |
Τὸ
δ'
οὐκ
ἔστιν,
ἀλλὰ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
σκληρὸν
καὶ
τὸ
μαλακὸν |
[2, 7] |
δέ,
ἐν
ᾧ
τοῦτ'
ἐστί,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
σκότος.
Τὸ
δὲ
φῶς |
[2, 1] |
σῶμα,
ὥσπερ
οὐδὲ
τὸν
κηρὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
σχῆμα,
οὐδ'
ὅλως
τὴν |
[2, 1] |
ἡ
ὄψις,
κἀκεῖ
ἡ
ψυχὴ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
σῶμα
ζῷον.
Ὅτι
μὲν |
[2, 1] |
ζητεῖν
εἰ
ἓν
ἡ
ψυχὴ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
σῶμα,
ὥσπερ
οὐδὲ
τὸν |
[2, 4] |
τὸ
τρεφόμενον
καὶ
ᾧ
τρέφεται
|
καὶ |
τὸ
τρέφον,
τὸ
μὲν
τρέφον |
[2, 4] |
τὸ
τρεφόμενον
καὶ
ᾧ
τρέφεται
|
καὶ |
τὸ
τρέφον,
τὸ
μὲν
τρέφον |
[2, 8] |
ψόφον·
ἕτερον
γὰρ
τὸ
τύπτον
|
καὶ |
τὸ
τυπτόμενον·
ὥστε
τὸ
ψοφοῦν |
[2, 11] |
ἀὴρ
πρὸς
τὰ
ἐν
αὐτῷ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὕδωρ
πρὸς
τὰ
ἐν |
[2, 11] |
ἡ
γλῶττα,
ὡς
ὁ
ἀὴρ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὕδωρ
πρὸς
τὴν
ὄψιν |
[2, 2] |
καὶ
εἶδος,
ἀλλ'
οὐχ
ὕλη
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὑποκείμενον.
Τριχῶς
γὰρ
λεγομένης |
[2, 11] |
μαλακὸν
δι'
ἑτέρων
αἰσθανόμεθα,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ψοφητικὸν
καὶ
τὸ
ὁρατὸν |
[2, 4] |
οὗ
ἕνεκα,
τό
τε
οὗ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ᾧ.
Ἀλλὰ
μὴν
καὶ |
[2, 11] |
καὶ
λειότης
καὶ
τραχύτης
φωνῆς,
|
καὶ |
τοιαῦθ'
ἕτερα.
Εἰσὶ
δὲ
καὶ |
[2, 1] |
Ἐπεὶ
δ'
ἐστὶ
καὶ
σῶμα
|
καὶ |
τοιόνδε,
ζωὴν
γὰρ
ἔχον,
οὐκ |
[2, 4] |
λεκτέον·
ἡ
γὰρ
θρεπτικὴ
ψυχὴ
|
καὶ |
τοῖς
ἄλλοις
ὑπάρχει,
καὶ
πρώτη |
[2, 2] |
εἶναι
χωριστὸν
λόγῳ
μόνον
ἢ
|
καὶ |
τόπῳ,
περὶ
μὲν
τινῶν
τούτων |
[2, 10] |
ὄψις
ἐστὶ
τοῦ
τε
ὁρατοῦ
|
καὶ |
τοῦ
ἀοράτου
(τὸ
γὰρ
σκότος |
[2, 5] |
τοῦ
πάσχειν
καὶ
τοῦ
κινεῖσθαι
|
καὶ |
τοῦ
ἐνεργεῖν
λέγωμεν·
καὶ
γὰρ |
[2, 4] |
δὲ
φυτόν,
ἵνα
τοῦ
ἀεὶ
|
καὶ |
τοῦ
θείου
μετέχωσιν
ᾗ
δύνανται· |
[2, 4] |
οὖν
κοινωνεῖν
ἀδυνατεῖ
τοῦ
ἀεὶ
|
καὶ |
τοῦ
θείου
τῇ
συνεχείᾳ,
διὰ |
[2, 5] |
τοῦ
αὐτοῦ
ὄντος
τοῦ
πάσχειν
|
καὶ |
τοῦ
κινεῖσθαι
καὶ
τοῦ
ἐνεργεῖν |
[2, 7] |
γιγνομένου
ποτὲ
μεταξὺ
τῆς
γῆς
|
καὶ |
τοῦ
περιέχοντος,
ἡμᾶς
δὲ
λανθάνοντος· |
[2, 12] |
τοῦ
δακτυλίου
ἄνευ
τοῦ
σιδήρου
|
καὶ |
τοῦ
χρυσοῦ
δέχεται
τὸ
σημεῖον, |
[2, 10] |
δὲ
γευστόν
ἐστιν
ἁπτόν
τι·
|
καὶ |
τοῦτ'
αἴτιον
τοῦ
μὴ
εἶναι |
[2, 7] |
ἐστι
τοῦ
κατ'
ἐνέργειαν
διαφανοῦς,
|
καὶ |
τοῦτ'
ἐστὶν
αὐτοῦ
ἡ
φύσις· |
[2, 4] |
αὐτὸν
τρόπον
καὶ
ἡ
φύσις,
|
καὶ |
τοῦτ'
ἔστιν
αὐτῆς
τέλος.
Τοιοῦτον |
[2, 8] |
ἄναιμα
καὶ
τῶν
ἐναίμων
ἰχθύες
|
(καὶ |
τοῦτ'
εὐλόγως,
εἴπερ
ἀέρος
κίνησίς |
[2, 1] |
δύναμις,
τὸ
δ'
εἶδος
ἐντελέχεια,
|
καὶ |
τοῦτο
διχῶς,
τὸ
μὲν
ὡς |
[2, 7] |
ἐν
σκότει
καὶ
ἐν
φωτί,
|
καὶ |
τοῦτο
ἐξ
ἀνάγκης·
τὸ
γὰρ |
[2, 10] |
γὰρ
σκότος
ἀόρατον,
κρίνει
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τοῦτο
ἡ
ὄψις)
ἔτι
τε |
[2, 2] |
ἔοικε
ψυχῆς
γένος
ἕτερον
εἶναι,
|
καὶ |
τοῦτο
μόνον
ἐνδέχεσθαι
χωρίζεσθαι,
καθάπερ |
[2, 2] |
ψυχὴ
τῶν
εἰρημένων
τούτων
ἀρχὴ
|
καὶ |
τούτοις
ὥρισται,
θρεπτικῷ,
αἰσθητικῷ,
διανοητικῷ, |
[2, 11] |
λείπεται
δὴ
μικτὸν
ἐκ
τῆς
|
καὶ |
τούτων
εἶναι,
οἷον
βούλεται
εἶναι |
[2, 1] |
μάλιστ'
εἶναι
δοκοῦσι
τὰ
σώματα,
|
καὶ |
τούτων
τὰ
φυσικά·
ταῦτα
γὰρ |
[2, 11] |
μέγεθος
καὶ
μικρότης,
καὶ
λειότης
|
καὶ |
τραχύτης
φωνῆς,
καὶ
τοιαῦθ'
ἕτερα. |
[2, 4] |
καὶ
τὸ
αἴτιον
τοῦ
αὐξάνεσθαι
|
καὶ |
τρέφεσθαι.
Δοκεῖ
δέ
τισιν
ἡ |
[2, 1] |
ἣν
ἤδη
λέγεται
τόδε
τι,
|
καὶ |
τρίτον
τὸ
ἐκ
τούτων.
Ἔστι |
[2, 4] |
ἅπασιν.
Ἧς
ἐστὶν
ἔργα
γεννῆσαι
|
καὶ |
τροφῇ
χρῆσθαι·
φυσικώτατον
γὰρ
τῶν |
[2, 8] |
πᾶν,
ὥσπερ
εἴρηται,
ψοφεῖ
τυπτόμενον
|
καὶ |
τύπτον,
οἷον
ἐὰν
πατάξῃ
βελόνη |
[2, 4] |
πᾶσι
τὸ
ἄνω
καὶ
κάτω
|
καὶ |
τῷ
παντί,
ἀλλ'
ὡς
ἡ |
[2, 8] |
ἑρμηνεία
ἕνεκα
τοῦ
εὖ,
οὕτω
|
καὶ |
τῷ
πνεύματι
πρός
τε
τὴν |
[2, 5] |
Ἔχει
δ'
ἀπορίαν
διὰ
τί
|
καὶ |
τῶν
αἰσθήσεων
αὐτῶν
οὐ
γίνεται |
[2, 2] |
αἰσθάνεσθαι
τοῦ
δοξάζειν,
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἄλλων
ἕκαστον
τῶν
εἰρημένων. |
[2, 11] |
ψυχρόν,
ξηρὸν
ὑγρόν,
σκληρὸν
μαλακόν,
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἄλλων
ὅσα
τοιαῦτα.
Ἔχει |
[2, 5] |
αἴσθησιν,
ἐνόντος
πυρὸς
καὶ
γῆς
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἄλλων
στοιχείων,
ὧν
ἐστιν |
[2, 11] |
ἁπτῶν,
οἷον
πέπονθεν
ὁ
ἀήρ,
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἁπτῶν
αἱ
ὑπερβολαί,
ὥσπερ |
[2, 8] |
φωνήν,
οἷον
τά
τε
ἄναιμα
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἐναίμων
ἰχθύες
(καὶ
τοῦτ' |
[2, 5] |
τὰ
αἰσθητὰ
τῶν
καθ'
ἕκαστα
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἔξωθεν
ἀλλὰ
περὶ
μὲν |
[2, 7] |
ὀσμῆς.
Ἀλλ'
ὁ
μὲν
ἄνθρωπος,
|
καὶ |
τῶν
πεζῶν
ὅσα
ἀναπνεῖ,
ἀδυνατεῖ |
[2, 9] |
ἀναπνεόντων
ἀποκαλύπτεται,
διευρυνομένων
τῶν
φλεβίων
|
καὶ |
τῶν
πόρων.
Καὶ
διὰ
τοῦτο |
[2, 9] |
ἄνθρωπος,
οἷον
ἀσφάλτου
καὶ
θείου
|
καὶ |
τῶν
τοιούτων.
Ὀσφραίνεσθαι
μὲν
οὖν |
[2, 9] |
μέλιτος,
ἡ
δὲ
δριμεῖα
θύμου
|
καὶ |
τῶν
τοιούτων·
τὸν
αὐτὸν
δὲ |
[2, 11] |
διαφέρει
τὸ
ἁπτὸν
τῶν
ὁρατῶν
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ψοφητικῶν,
ὅτι
ἐκείνων
μὲν |
[2, 2] |
δ'
ἡ
μὲν
ἐπιστήμη
τε
|
καὶ |
ὑγίεια
μορφὴ
καὶ
εἶδός
τι |
[2, 3] |
τῆς
τροφῆς
αἴσθησις·
ξηροῖς
γὰρ
|
καὶ |
ὑγροῖς
καὶ
θερμοῖς
καὶ
ψυχροῖς |
[2, 7] |
γάρ
τι
πάθος
ἐπ'
ἀέρος
|
καὶ |
ὕδατος
ἔστιν,
ὥσπερ
τὸ
διαφανὲς |
[2, 7] |
χρῶμα.
Τοιοῦτον
δέ
ἐστιν
ἀὴρ
|
καὶ |
ὕδωρ
καὶ
πολλὰ
τῶν
στερεῶν· |
[2, 1] |
σῶμα,
μᾶλλον
δ'
ὡς
ὑποκείμενον
|
καὶ |
ὕλη.
Ἀναγκαῖον
ἄρα
τὴν
ψυχὴν |
[2, 1] |
γὰρ
τῷ
ὑπάρχειν
τὴν
ψυχὴν
|
καὶ |
ὕπνος
καὶ
ἐγρήγορσίς
ἐστιν,
ἀνάλογον |
[2, 1] |
Τύπῳ
μὲν
οὖν
ταύτῃ
διωρίσθω
|
καὶ |
ὑπογεγράφθω
περὶ
ψυχῆς.
~(Ἐπεὶ
δ' |
[2, 2] |
κατὰ
τόπον,
εἰ
δ'
αἴσθησιν,
|
καὶ |
φαντασίαν
καὶ
ὄρεξιν·
ὅπου
μὲν |
[2, 9] |
ὀσμήν,
τὸ
δὲ
μικρὰν
ἔχον
|
καὶ |
φαύλην.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
καὶ
τὸ |
[2, 10] |
ἀμφοτέρου·
ἀλλὰ
τοῦ
μὲν
φαύλη
|
καὶ |
φθαρτική
{τῆς
γεύσεως}
τοῦ
δὲ |
[2, 9] |
εὐώδους
ὄσφρησίς
ἐστιν.
Ἔτι
δὲ
|
καὶ |
φθειρόμενα
φαίνεται
ὑπὸ
τῶν
ἰσχυρῶν |
[2, 4] |
δὲ
καὶ
περὶ
αὐξήσεώς
τε
|
καὶ |
φθίσεως
ἔχει·
οὐδὲν
γὰρ
φθίνει |
[2, 2] |
τοιαύτην,
δι'
ἧς
αὔξησίν
τε
|
καὶ |
φθίσιν
λαμβάνουσι
κατὰ
τοὺς
ἐναντίους |
[2, 1] |
αὑτοῦ
τροφήν
τε
καὶ
αὔξησιν
|
καὶ |
φθίσιν.
Ὥστε
πᾶν
σῶμα
φυσικὸν |
[2, 2] |
ἔτι
κίνησις
ἡ
κατὰ
τροφὴν
|
καὶ |
φθίσις
τε
καὶ
αὔξησις.
Διὸ |
[2, 9] |
τῶν
ἄλλων
διαφερόντως
ἀκριβοῖ·
διὸ
|
καὶ |
φρονιμώτατόν
ἐστι
τῶν
ζῴων.
Σημεῖον |
[2, 5] |
δυνάμει
ὄντος
{κατὰ}
τὸ
νοοῦν
|
καὶ |
φρονοῦν
οὐ
διδασκαλίαν
ἀλλ'
ἑτέραν |
[2, 11] |
ἑνί
τινι
αἰσθάνεσθαι
καὶ
ψόφου
|
καὶ |
χρώματος
καὶ
ὀσμῆς,
καὶ
μία |
[2, 9] |
μὲν
ἔχουσι
τὴν
ἀνάλογον
ὀσμὴν
|
καὶ |
χυμόν,
λέγω
δὲ
οἷον
γλυκεῖαν |
[2, 11] |
αἰσθάνεται
κατὰ
τὸ
αὐτὸ
μόριον
|
καὶ |
χυμοῦ.
Εἰ
μὲν
οὖν
καὶ |
[2, 2] |
φυτῶν
ἔνια
διαιρούμενα
φαίνεται
ζῶντα
|
καὶ |
χωριζόμενα
ἀπ'
ἀλλήλων,
ὡς
οὔσης |
[2, 12] |
πᾶν
σῶμα
παθητικὸν
ὑπ'
ὀσμῆς
|
καὶ |
ψόφου,
καὶ
τὰ
πάσχοντα
ἀόριστα, |
[2, 11] |
γὰρ
ἂν
ἑνί
τινι
αἰσθάνεσθαι
|
καὶ |
ψόφου
καὶ
χρώματος
καὶ
ὀσμῆς, |
[2, 7] |
αἴσθησιν,
ἀλλ'
ὑπὸ
μὲν
ὀσμῆς
|
καὶ |
ψόφου
τὸ
μεταξὺ
κινεῖται,
ὑπὸ |
[2, 3] |
γὰρ
καὶ
ὑγροῖς
καὶ
θερμοῖς
|
καὶ |
ψυχροῖς
τρέφεται
τὰ
ζῶντα
πάντα, |
[2, 11] |
ὄν.
Διὸ
τοῦ
ὁμοίως
θερμοῦ
|
καὶ |
ψυχροῦ,
ἢ
σκληροῦ
καὶ
μαλακοῦ, |
[2, 3] |
θερμοῦ,
ἡ
δὲ
δίψα
ὑγροῦ
|
καὶ |
ψυχροῦ·
ὁ
δὲ
χυμὸς
οἷον |
[2, 4] |
δὲ
ᾧ
τρέφει
διττόν,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
ᾧ
κυβερνᾷ
καὶ
ἡ
χεὶρ |
[2, 4] |
δ'
ἔστι
τρία,
τὸ
τρεφόμενον
|
καὶ |
ᾧ
τρέφεται
καὶ
τὸ
τρέφον, |
[2, 4] |
ἔστι
τρία,
Α
τὸ
τρεφόμενον
|
καὶ |
ᾧ
τρέφεται
καὶ
τὸ
τρέφον, |
[2, 2] |
τούτων
φαμὲν
ἐπίστασθαι)
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
{ᾧ}
ὑγιαίνομεν
τὸ
μὲν
ὑγιείᾳ |
[2, 4] |
ἡ
κίνησις
καὶ
οὗ
ἕνεκα
|
καὶ |
ὡς
ἡ
οὐσία
τῶν
ἐμψύχων |
[2, 8] |
γὰρ
καὶ
τῇ
γλώττῃ
ψοφεῖν
|
καὶ |
ὡς
οἱ
βήττοντες-
ἀλλὰ
δεῖ |
[2, 9] |
τὰ
μὲν
γὰρ
ἔχει
φράγμα
|
καὶ |
ὥσπερ
ἔλυτρον
τὰ
βλέφαρα,
ἃ |