[6,74] Ἡμῖν τὸ ἀρχαῖον πολίτευμα ἦν μοναρχία, καὶ μέχρι γενεᾶς ἑβδόμης ταύτῃ χρώμενοι διετελέσαμεν τῇ πολιτείᾳ, καὶ παρὰ πάσας τὰς ἡγεμονίας ταύτας οὐδὲν ὁ δῆμος ἠλαττώθη πώποτε ὑπὸ τῶν βασιλέων καὶ πάντων ἥκιστα ὑπὸ τῶν τελευταίων· ἐῶ γὰρ λέγειν, ὅτι πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα ἀγαθὰ ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτῶν ἐκαρπώσατο. χωρὶς γὰρ τῆς ἄλλης αὐτῶν θεραπείας, ᾗ κολακεύοντας αὐτὸν οἰκεῖον μὲν σφίσιν, ἐχθρὸν δ´ ὑμῖν ἐβούλοντο εἶναι, ὃ ποιοῦσιν ἅπαντες οἱ τυραννικῶς ἐξάγοντες τὰς δυναστείας, κρατήσαντες πολέμῳ μακρῷ Συέσσης, πόλεως πάνυ εὐδαίμονος, ἐξὸν αὐτοῖς μηδενὶ κοινωνῆσαι τῶν λαφύρων, ἀλλ´ αὐτοὶ κατασχεῖν καὶ πάντας ὑπερβαλέσθαι πλούτῳ βασιλεῖς, οὐκ ἠξίωσαν, ἀλλὰ φέροντες εἰς μέσον ἔθηκαν ἅπασαν τὴν ὠφέλειαν· ὥσθ´ ἡμᾶς χωρὶς ἀνδραπόδων καὶ βοσκημάτων καὶ τῆς ἄλλης κτήσεως πολλῆς οὔσης καὶ καλῆς ἀργυρίου πέντε μνᾶς κατ´ ἄνδρα διανείμασθαι. ὧν ἡμεῖς ἀμελήσαντες, ἐπειδὴ τυραννικώτερον ἐχρῶντο ταῖς ἐξουσίαις οὐκ εἰς τὸν δῆμον πλημμελοῦντες, ἀλλ´ εἰς ὑμᾶς, δυσανασχετοῦντες ἐπὶ τοῖς γινομένοις τῆς μὲν τῶν βασιλέων εὐνοίας ἀπέστημεν, ὑμῖν δὲ προσεθέμεθα· καὶ συνεπαναστάντες αὐτοῖς μεθ´ ὑμῶν οἵ τ´ ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου τοὺς μὲν ἐξηλάσαμεν, ὑμῖν δὲ φέροντες ἀνεθήκαμεν τὴν ἐκείνων ἀρχήν. πολλάκις τε γενόμενον ἐφ´ ἡμῖν μεταθέσθαι πρὸς τοὺς ἐξελασθέντας τὰς μεγάλας δωρεάς, ἃς ὑπέτεινον ἡμῖν, ἵνα δὴ τὸ πρὸς ὑμᾶς πιστὸν ἐγκαταλίπωμεν, οὐχ ὑπεμείναμεν, ἀλλὰ πολλοὺς καὶ μεγάλους καὶ συνεχεῖς πολέμους καὶ κινδύνους δι´ ὑμᾶς ἀνηντλήσαμεν· καὶ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος ἔτος ἑπτακαιδέκατον ἤδη τριβόμεθα πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις μαχόμενοι περὶ τῆς κοινῆς ἐλευθερίας. ἀκαταστάτου μὲν γὰρ ἔτι τῆς πολιτείας οὔσης· οἷα γίγνεσθαι φιλεῖ περὶ τὰς μεταβολὰς τὰς αἰφνιδίως γιγνομένας· δυσὶ ταῖς ἐπιφανεστάταις πόλεσι Τυρρηνῶν, Ταρκυνιήταις τε καὶ Οὐιεντανοῖς κατάγειν βουλομένοις τοὺς βασιλεῖς μεγάλῃ στρατιᾷ, παρακινδυνεύσαντες ὀλίγοι πρὸς πολλοὺς διηγωνίσμεθα, καὶ μεγίστην ἀποδειξάμενοι προθυμίαν τούς τ´ ἀντιταχθέντας μάχῃ νικήσαντες ἀπεωσάμεθα, καὶ τῷ περιόντι τῶν ὑπάτων διεσώσαμεν τὴν ἀρχήν. οὐ πολλοῖς δὲ χρόνοις ὕστερον Πορσίναν Τυρρηνῶν βασιλέα κατάγειν καὶ αὐτὸν ἀξιοῦντα τοὺς φυγάδας τῇ τ´ ἐξ ἁπάσης Τυρρηνίας, ἣν αὐτὸς ἐπήγετο, δυνάμει καὶ ταῖς ὑπ´ ἐκείνων ἐκ πολλοῦ συναχθείσαις, οὐκ ἔχοντες ἀξιόμαχον χεῖρα καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κατακλεισθέντες εἰς πολιορκίαν τε καὶ ἀμηχανίαν καὶ παντὸς πράγματος ἀπορίαν, τῷ πάντα ὑπομεῖναι τὰ δεινὰ φίλον γενόμενον ἠναγκάσαμεν ἀπελθεῖν. τὰ δὲ τελευταῖα τρίτον κάθοδον τῶν βασιλέων παρασκευασαμένων διὰ τοῦ Λατίνων ἔθνους καὶ τριάκοντα πόλεις ἐπαγομένων, ἀντιβολοῦντας ὑμᾶς ὁρῶντες καὶ ὀλοφυρομένους καὶ ἕνα ἕκαστον ἐπιβοώμενον ἑταιρίας τε καὶ συντροφίας καὶ ὁμαιχμίας ἀναμιμνήσκοντας οὐχ ὑπεμείναμεν ἐγκαταλιπεῖν· ἡγησάμενοι δὲ κάλλιστον εἶναι καὶ λαμπρότατον ἀγῶνα τὸν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ὁμόσε τοῖς δεινοῖς ἐχωρήσαμεν, μέγιστον δὴ κινδύνων ἀναρρίψαντες ἐκεῖνον, ἐν ᾧ πολλὰ μὲν τραύματα λαβόντες, πολλὰ δὲ σώματα συγγενῶν τε καὶ ἑταίρων καὶ ὁμοσκήνων ἀποβαλόντες, ἐνικήσαμεν τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας αὐτῶν ἀπεκτείναμεν καὶ τὴν βασιλικὴν συγγένειαν ἅπασαν διεφθείραμεν.

[6,74] "Our earliest government was monarchy, under which constitution we lived till the seventh generation. And during all these reigns the people never suffered any loss of rights at the hands of their kings, and least of all from those who reigned last, to say nothing of the many important advantages they enjoyed from their rule. For, besides the other methods the kings used of courting and flattering the people in order to win them to themselves and make them enemies to you — which is the practice of all rulers who aim at extending their power to tyranny — when they had made themselves masters of Suessa, a very prosperous city, after a long war, and had it in their power to grant no part of the spoils to anyone, but to appropriate the whole to themselves and surpass all other kings in riches, they did not think fit to do so, but brought out all the booty and placed it at the disposal of the army, so that, besides the slaves, cattle and the other spoils, which were many and of great value, every one of us received five minae of silver for his share. But we (p75) disregarded all this when they used their power more in the manner of tyrants to injure, not us, to be sure, but you; and resenting their behaviour, we gave up our affection for our kings and joined you, and rising with you against them, both those of us who were in the city and those in camp, we drove them out, and bringing to you their power, entrusted it to you. And though it was often possible for us to go over to the side of the expelled kings, yet we scorned to accept the lavish gifts they offered us to induce us to violate our pledge to you, but patiently endured many great and continuous wars and dangers on your account. And up to this time, which is the seventeenth year, we have been worn out with fighting against all mankind for our common liberty. For while the government was still unsettled — as often happens in the case of sudden revolutions — we ventured to contend with the two most renowned cities of the Tyrrhenians, Tarquinii and Veii, when they sought with a large army to restore the kings; and fighting, a few against many, and displaying the greatest enthusiasm, we not only overcame and drove back these foes, but preserved the power for the surviving consul. Not long afterwards, when Porsena, king of the Tyrrhenians, was also endeavouring to restore the exiles both with the united forces of all Tyrrhenia commanded by himself and with those which the others had long before raised, we, though unprovided with an adequate army, and for that (p77) reason forced to undergo a siege and reduced to the last extremity and to a dearth of everything, yet by enduring all these hardships forced him to depart after first becoming our friend. And last of all, when the kings for the third time sought to effect their restoration with the aid of the Latin nation and brought against us thirty cities, we, seeing you entreating, lamenting, calling upon every one of us, and reminding us of our friendship, our common rearing, and the campaigns we had shared together, could not bear to abandon you. But looking upon it as a most honourable and glorious thing to give your battles, we rushed into the midst of perils and hazarded on that occasion surely the greatest danger of all, in which, after we had received many wounds and lost many of our relations, companions and comrades in arms, we overcame the enemy, killed their generals, and destroyed the whole royal family.