Livre, chapitre |
[4, 2] |
τῶν
πρότερον,
ὅτι
δ´
ἐνδέχεται
|
καθ´ |
ἕκαστον
ποιεῖν
διαφορὰς
τῶν
τεττάρων |
[4, 6] |
τε
βάρος
ἔχει
τινὰ
ἰσχὺν
|
καθ´ |
ἣν
φέρεται
κάτω,
καὶ
τὰ |
[4, 4] |
γὰρ
ἐπιπολάζουσί
τισι
καὶ
ὑφίστανται,
|
καθάπερ |
ἀὴρ
καὶ
ὕδωρ·
ἁπλῶς
μὲν |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
ὑποσπάσαν
ἢ
ὅθεν
ἀπεπήδησεν,
|
καθάπερ |
εἴρηται
ἐν
τοῖς
πρώτοις
λόγοις, |
[4, 5] |
καὶ
ἀὴρ
ὕδατος
τῷ
κάτω,
|
καθάπερ |
εἴρηται
πολλάκις.
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ
Τὰ
δὲ |
[4, 4] |
καὶ
τὸ
κοῦφον.
Ὁρῶμεν
γάρ,
|
καθάπερ |
εἴρηται
πρότερον,
ὅτι
τὰ
γεηρὰ |
[4, 2] |
ὁρῶμεν
ἐλάττω
τὸν
ὄγκον
ὄντα,
|
καθάπερ |
ἐρίου
χαλκόν,
ἕτερον
τὸ
αἴτιον |
[4, 2] |
τῶν
τριγώνων
συνιστᾶσιν·
ἐναντίας
δέ,
|
(καθάπερ |
οἱ
τὸ
κενὸν
καὶ
πλῆρες, |
[4, 1] |
μὲν
ἄνω
τὸ
δὲ
κάτω,
|
καθάπερ |
τινὲς
ἀξιοῦσιν·
οὐ
γὰρ
εἶναι |
[4, 4] |
λέγωμεν.
Πρῶτον
μὲν
οὖν
διωρίσθω,
|
καθάπερ |
φαίνεται
πᾶσι,
βαρὺ
μὲν
ἁπλῶς |
[4, 4] |
ἐστί
τι
ὃ
πᾶσιν
ἐπιπολάζει,
|
καθάπερ |
φαίνεται
τὸ
πῦρ
καὶ
ἐν |
[4, 3] |
Ὅλως
μὲν
οὖν
τοῖς
ὁμοίοις
|
καὶ |
ἀδιαφόροις
ὑπὸ
τῆς
αὐτῆς
κινήσεως |
[4, 5] |
οὖν
ἔχον
τοιαύτην
ὕλην
κοῦφον
|
καὶ |
ἀεὶ
ἄνω,
τὸ
δὲ
τὴν |
[4, 5] |
τὸ
δὲ
τὴν
ἐναντίαν
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
ἀεὶ
κάτω·
τὸ
δ´
ἑτέρας |
[4, 4] |
δοκεῖ
τισιν
εἶναι
καὶ
ἑτέροις,
|
καὶ |
ἀεὶ
φέρεσθαι
πρὸς
τὸ
μέσον. |
[4, 5] |
πλεῖον
ἕξει
πῦρ
ὀλίγου
ἀέρος,
|
καὶ |
ἀὴρ
πολὺς
ὀλίγου
ὕδατος
γῆν |
[4, 3] |
ἐστιν
ἀλλήλοις,
οἷον
ὕδωρ
ἀέρι
|
καὶ |
ἀὴρ
πυρί.
Ἀνάπαλιν
δὲ
λέγειν |
[4, 5] |
τε
ἀέρος
ὀλίγου
τῷ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
ἀὴρ
ὕδατος
τῷ
κάτω,
καθάπερ |
[4, 4] |
βαρὺ
καὶ
κοῦφον,
οἷον
ὕδωρ
|
καὶ |
ἀήρ.
Φαμὲν
δὲ
τὸ
μὲν |
[4, 6] |
μικρότητα
ἐπιπλεῖ,
οἷον
τὸ
ψῆγμα
|
καὶ |
ἄλλα
γεώδη
καὶ
κονιορτώδη
ἐπὶ |
[4, 4] |
μεταξύ·
διὰ
τοῦτό
ἐστί
τι
|
καὶ |
ἄλλο
βαρὺ
καὶ
κοῦφον,
οἷον |
[4, 5] |
τε
ἀεὶ
καὶ
πανταχοῦ
φέρεται
|
καὶ |
ἄνω)
ἐὰν
δὲ
τὸ
κενὸν |
[4, 3] |
ἀεὶ
κατὰ
φύσιν,
τὰ
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἄνω
καὶ
κάτω,
μετὰ
δὲ |
[4, 5] |
πρὸς
ἀλλήλας
ὡς
αὗται
ἁπλῶς,
|
καὶ |
ἄνω
καὶ
κάτω
(φερομένας)
διὸ |
[4, 1] |
καὶ
μέσον,
δῆλον
ὅτι
ἔσται
|
καὶ |
ἄνω
καὶ
κάτω,
ὥσπερ
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
τὸ
μὲν
πῦρ
ἀεὶ
κοῦφον
|
καὶ |
ἄνω
φέρεται,
ἡ
δὲ
γῆ |
[4, 2] |
ἂν
ᾖ
πλεῖον,
κουφότερόν
ἐστι
|
καὶ |
ἄνω
φέρεται
θᾶττον.
Καὶ
ἄνωθεν |
[4, 2] |
ἐστι
καὶ
ἄνω
φέρεται
θᾶττον.
|
Καὶ |
ἄνωθεν
δὲ
κάτω
τὸ
ὀλίγον |
[4, 5] |
τὸν
ἀέρα
εἰς
τὴν
αὑτοῦ
|
καὶ |
ἀνώτερον
τοῦ
ὕδατος,
ὅτι
τοδί |
[4, 4] |
δ´
ἐστί
τι
ἁπλῶς
κοῦφον
|
καὶ |
ἁπλῶς
βαρύ,
ἐκ
τῶνδ´
ἐστὶ |
[4, 2] |
τὸν
ὄγκον.
Τὰ
δὲ
πρῶτα
|
καὶ |
ἄτομα
τοῖς
μὲν
ἐπίπεδα
λέγουσιν |
[4, 4] |
ἡ
φορὰ
τοῖς
ἔχουσι
βάρος
|
καὶ |
ἀφ´
οὗ
τοῖς
κούφοις,
δῆλον |
[4, 2] |
τοῦτον
τὸν
τρόπον
περὶ
κούφου
|
καὶ |
βαρέος
διώρισαν·
τοῖς
δ´
οὐχ |
[4, 2] |
εἴρηται
περὶ
τοῦ
ἁπλῶς
κούφου
|
καὶ |
βαρέος·
νῦν
γὰρ
τὸ
μὲν |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
περὶ
τοῦ
ἁπλῶς
κούφου
|
καὶ |
βαρέος·
ὁ
δὲ
λόγος
αὐτοῖς |
[4, 2] |
κενὸν
οὐδὲν
διώρισαν
περὶ
κούφου
|
καὶ |
βαρέος,
οἷον
Ἀναξαγόρας
καὶ
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς· |
[4, 5] |
καὶ
ὕδωρ
ἔχουσι
καὶ
κουφότητα
|
καὶ |
βάρος
ἑκάτερον,
καὶ
ὕδωρ
μὲν |
[4, 5] |
τῇ
αὑτοῦ
χώρᾳ
τῶν
ἐχόντων
|
καὶ |
βάρος
καὶ
κουφότητα
ἕκαστον
ἔχει |
[4, 4] |
ἁπλῶς
κοῦφον
ὃ
ἀεὶ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
βαρὺ
ὃ
ἀεὶ
κάτω
πέφυκε |
[4, 2] |
γὰρ
πλεῖον
ἧττον
ἂν
ἐφέρετο
|
καὶ |
βαρύτερον
ἦν
ἐκ
πλειόνων
ὂν |
[4, 2] |
προελθοῦσιν.
Λέγουσι
γὰρ
τὸ
κουφότερον
|
καὶ |
βαρύτερον
οἱ
μὲν
ὥσπερ
ἐν |
[4, 4] |
τοῖς
γένεσιν
αὕτη
ἡ
διάστασις·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
ἐν
τῷ
ποιῷ
καὶ |
[4, 4] |
καὶ
κοῦφον,
οἷς
ἀμφότερα
ὑπάρχει·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
ἐπιπολάζουσί
τισι
καὶ
ὑφίστανται, |
[4, 3] |
τοὺς
αὑτῶν
τόπους
μηδενὸς
ἐμποδίζοντος.
|
Καὶ |
γὰρ
ἡ
τροφή,
ὅταν
τὸ |
[4, 4] |
βαρὺ
καὶ
κοῦφον
δύο
ἐστίν·
|
καὶ |
γὰρ
οἱ
τόποι
δύο,
τὸ |
[4, 3] |
ὅτι
ἡ
φορὰ
ἀπολελυμένων
ἐστί,
|
καὶ |
γενέσει
ὑστάτη
τῶν
κινήσεων,
ὥστε |
[4, 4] |
ἀέρα
δὲ
πλὴν
ἐν
ὕδατι
|
καὶ |
γῇ·
ἐν
τῇ
αὑτοῦ
γὰρ |
[4, 2] |
πολὺ
πῦρ
ὕδατος
εἶναι
βαρύτερα
|
καὶ |
γῆς
ὀλίγης.
Τοῦτο
δ´
ἐστὶν |
[4, 5] |
πλήρη
(τοῦτο
δὲ
ὁρῶμέν
τε,
|
καὶ |
δέδεικται
ὅτι
ὁμοίως
κάτω
τε |
[4, 3] |
γῆ
κάτω,
τὸ
αὐτό
ἐστι
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τί
τὸ
ὑγιαστὸν
ἂν |
[4, 1] |
τίς
ἡ
φύσις
αὐτῶν,
σκεπτέον,
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τίν´
αἰτίαν
ἔχουσι
τὰς |
[4, 4] |
τὸ
πλῆρες
τὸ
βαρὺ
λέγοντας
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τὸ
κενὸν
τὸ
κοῦφον. |
[4, 2] |
φέρεσθαι,
κάτω
δὲ
τὸ
πλῆρες,
|
καὶ |
διὰ
τοῦτο
τοῖς
ἄλλοις
αἴτια |
[4, 6] |
τῷ
συνεχεῖ
πρὸς
τὴν
διάσπασιν
|
καὶ |
διαίρεσιν,
βιάσεται
κάτω
θᾶττον,
ἐὰν |
[4, 6] |
τῶν
συνεχῶν
τὰ
δ´
ἧττον,
|
καὶ |
διαιρετικὰ
δὴ
τὸν
αὐτὸν
τρόπον |
[4, 1] |
τὰ
παρὰ
τῶν
ἄλλων
εἰρημένα,
|
καὶ |
διαπορήσαντες
ὅσα
πρὸς
τὴν
σκέψιν |
[4, 6] |
δὴ
ἐν
ἑκάστῳ
γένει
εὐδιαιρετώτερον
|
καὶ |
διασπᾶται
ῥᾷον.
Τὰ
μὲν
οὖν |
[4, 5] |
ἁπάντων
τὴν
κοινήν,
ἄλλως
τε
|
καὶ |
εἰ
γίγνονται
ἐξ
ἀλλήλων,
ἀλλὰ |
[4, 2] |
βαρὺ
καὶ
κοῦφον.
Ἄτοπον
δὲ
|
καὶ |
εἰ
διὰ
τὸ
κενὸν
μὲν |
[4, 2] |
τινα
τόπον,
ἐξ
οὗ
μεταβάλλει
|
καὶ |
εἰς
ὅν.
Πρὸς
δὲ
τούτοις |
[4, 3] |
εἰς
ἐντελέχειαν
ἰὸν
ἔρχεται
ἐκεῖ
|
καὶ |
εἰς
τὸ
τοσοῦτον
καὶ
τὸ |
[4, 3] |
οὖν
γίγνηται
ἐξ
ὕδατος
ἀὴρ
|
καὶ |
ἐκ
βαρέος
κοῦφον,
ἔρχεται
εἰς |
[4, 2] |
πολλάκις
ἐξ
ἴσων
στερεῶν
ἢ
|
καὶ |
ἐλαττόνων.
Ὅλως
δὲ
καὶ
παντὸς |
[4, 2] |
κούφου
καὶ
βαρέος,
οἷον
Ἀναξαγόρας
|
καὶ |
Ἐμπεδοκλῆς·
οἱ
δὲ
διορίσαντες
μέν, |
[4, 6] |
κάτω,
διὰ
τὸ
διαιρεῖν
ῥᾳδίως.
|
Καὶ |
ἐν
ἀέρι
πολὺ
μᾶλλον,
ὅσῳ |
[4, 4] |
δὲ
κάτω
τῆς
ὕλης.
Ὥστε
|
καὶ |
ἐν
αὐτῇ
τῇ
ὕλῃ
τῇ |
[4, 4] |
ἐπιπολάζει,
καθάπερ
φαίνεται
τὸ
πῦρ
|
καὶ |
ἐν
αὐτῷ
τῷ
ἀέρι
ἄνω |
[4, 2] |
ἀεὶ
κοῦφον
διὰ
τὸ
λέγεσθαι
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τοῖς
ἔχουσι
βάρος
ἕτερον |
[4, 4] |
μᾶλλον,
τὸ
δ´
ὡς
ὕλη.
|
Καὶ |
ἐν
τοῖς
κατὰ
τόπον
ὡσαύτως |
[4, 3] |
δ´
ἐν
τῷ
ποσῷ
μεταβάλλει,
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τόπῳ
τὰ
μὲν
κοῦφα |
[4, 2] |
Ἐν
γὰρ
τῷ
πλείονι
πυρὶ
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τῷ
ἐλάττονι
τὸν
αὐτὸν |
[4, 4] |
καὶ
γὰρ
ἐν
τῷ
ποιῷ
|
καὶ |
ἐν
τῷ
ποσῷ
ἐστι
τὸ |
[4, 5] |
κωλύει
τῶν
ἐναντίων
εἶναι
μεταξὺ
|
καὶ |
ἓν
καὶ
πλείω,
(ὥσπερ
ἐν |
[4, 5] |
ἓν
μόνον
ὃ
πᾶσιν
ἐπιπολάζει
|
καὶ |
ἓν
ὃ
πᾶσιν
ὑφίσταται,
ἀνάγκη |
[4, 3] |
ἔρχεται,
τὸ
δ´
εἰς
αὔξην·
|
καὶ |
ἐπεὶ
ταὐτὸν
τὸ
ὑγιαστὸν
καὶ |
[4, 5] |
ἀέρος
κάτω
φερόμενον.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
κούφου,
ἐὰν
ἐκεῖνο |
[4, 5] |
εἶναι
ἃ
καὶ
ὑφίσταταί
τινι
|
καὶ |
ἐπιπολάζει
τινί.
Ὥστε
ἀνάγκη
καὶ |
[4, 4] |
ὕλη,
ᾗ
δὲ
τοιοῦτον,
κούφου·
|
καὶ |
ἔστι
μὲν
ἡ
αὐτή,
τὸ |
[4, 4] |
μὲν
γὰρ
δοκεῖ
τισιν
εἶναι
|
καὶ |
ἑτέροις,
καὶ
ἀεὶ
φέρεσθαι
πρὸς |
[4, 4] |
ὑφιστάμενον
ἀεὶ
τῷ
ἐπιπολάζοντι.
Διὸ
|
καὶ |
εὐλόγως
τὸ
βαρὺ
καὶ
κοῦφον |
[4, 3] |
τί
φέρεται
τὸ
πῦρ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
ἡ
γῆ
κάτω,
τὸ
αὐτό |
[4, 6] |
τοῦ
ὕδατος,
ἄλλα
δὲ
ἐλάττω
|
καὶ |
ἧττον
βαρέα,
ἂν
ᾖ
στρογγύλα |
[4, 5] |
ὅταν
γένηται
τὸ
ἐπίπεδον
ἓν
|
καὶ |
θᾶττον
σπάσῃ
τις
ἄνω
τῆς |
[4, 4] |
κάτω·
τὸν
αὐτὸν
δὲ
τρόπον
|
καὶ |
θᾶττον
τὸ
πλεῖον.
Ἄλλως
δὲ |
[4, 1] |
παντὸς
ἔσχατον
ἄνω
λέγομεν,
ὃ
|
καὶ |
κατὰ
τὴν
θέσιν
ἐστὶν
ἄνω |
[4, 2] |
πλεῖον
ἄνω
πῦρ
τοῦ
ἐλάττονος,
|
καὶ |
κάτω
δὲ
πάλιν
ὡσαύτως
ὁ |
[4, 3] |
φύσιν,
τὰ
δὲ
καὶ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
κάτω,
μετὰ
δὲ
ταῦτα
περὶ |
[4, 3] |
δὲ
πάντα
τὰ
κινούμενα
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
κάτω
τό
τε
ἔσχατον
καὶ |
[4, 5] |
ὡς
αὗται
ἁπλῶς,
καὶ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
κάτω
(φερομένας)
διὸ
ἀὴρ
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
ἀεὶ
κουφότερον
τῶν
ἐχόντων
βάρος
|
καὶ |
κάτω
φερομένων,
τὸ
δὲ
κουφότερον |
[4, 1] |
δῆλον
ὅτι
ἔσται
καὶ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
κάτω,
ὥσπερ
καὶ
οἱ
πολλοὶ |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
τὸ
κατὰ
τόπον
κινητικὸν
|
καὶ |
κινητὸν
οὐ
τὸ
τυχὸν
εἶναι |
[4, 6] |
τὸ
ψῆγμα
καὶ
ἄλλα
γεώδη
|
καὶ |
κονιορτώδη
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
ἀέρος.
Περὶ |
[4, 4] |
πανταχοῦ
ταὐτὰ
βαρέα
δοκεῖν
εἶναι
|
καὶ |
κοῦφα
διὰ
τὴν
τῶν
πρώτων |
[4, 2] |
εἴπερ
τούτῳ
διώρισται
τὸ
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
κοῦφον.
Ἄτοπον
δὲ
καὶ
εἰ |
[4, 4] |
Διὸ
καὶ
εὐλόγως
τὸ
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
κοῦφον
δύο
ἐστίν·
καὶ
γὰρ |
[4, 4] |
ἐστί
τι
καὶ
ἄλλο
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
κοῦφον,
οἷον
ὕδωρ
καὶ
ἀήρ. |
[4, 4] |
τὸ
πλεῖον.
Ἄλλως
δὲ
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
κοῦφον,
οἷς
ἀμφότερα
ὑπάρχει·
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
κινητὸν
δὲ
τὸ
δυνάμει
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
κοῦφον,
τὸ
δ´
εἰς
τὸν |
[4, 1] |
δὴ
τὸ
μὲν
ἁπλῶς
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
κοῦφον,
τὸ
δὲ
πρὸς
ἕτερον· |
[4, 1] |
κινήσεως
λόγοις
οἰκεία·
βαρὺ
γὰρ
|
καὶ |
κοῦφον
τῷ
δύνασθαι
κινεῖσθαι
φυσικῶς |
[4, 2] |
οὐκ
ἔσται
τὸ
ἁπλῶς
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
κοῦφον,
ὥσπερ
τοῖς
ἐκ
τῶν |
[4, 2] |
κούφων
διὰ
τίν´
αἰτίαν
βαρύτερα
|
καὶ |
κουφότερα
ἀλλήλων
καὶ
τῶν
ἁπλῶν |
[4, 2] |
μεγέθει
καὶ
σμικρότητι
ποιῶν
βαρύτερα
|
καὶ |
κουφότερα
θάτερα
τῶν
ἑτέρων,
κἂν |
[4, 1] |
κοῦφον,
ἀλλὰ
τί
τὸ
βαρύτερον
|
καὶ |
κουφότερον
ἐν
τοῖς
ἔχουσι
βάρος. |
[4, 1] |
μέσον·
πρὸς
ἄλλο
δὲ
κοῦφον
|
καὶ |
κουφότερον,
ὅτε,
δυοῖν
ἐχόντων
βάρος |
[4, 5] |
χώρᾳ
τῶν
ἐχόντων
καὶ
βάρος
|
καὶ |
κουφότητα
ἕκαστον
ἔχει
βάρος
(ἡ |
[4, 5] |
διὸ
ἀὴρ
καὶ
ὕδωρ
ἔχουσι
|
καὶ |
κουφότητα
καὶ
βάρος
ἑκάτερον,
καὶ |
[4, 4] |
πάντα
βάρος
ἔχει
πλὴν
πυρὸς
|
καὶ |
κουφότητα
πλὴν
γῆς.
Γῆν
μὲν |
[4, 4] |
τῇ
ὕλῃ
τῇ
τοῦ
βαρέος
|
καὶ |
κούφου,
ᾗ
μὲν
τοιοῦτον
δυνάμει, |
[4, 6] |
ἐπιπολάσει.
Περὶ
μὲν
οὖν
βαρέος
|
καὶ |
κούφου
καὶ
τῶν
περὶ
αὐτὰ |
[4, 3] |
μετὰ
δὲ
ταῦτα
περὶ
βαρέος
|
καὶ |
κούφου
καὶ
τῶν
συμβαινόντων
περὶ |
[4, 1] |
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ
Α.
(Περὶ
δὲ
βαρέος
|
καὶ |
κούφου,
τί
τ´
ἐστὶν
ἑκάτερον |
[4, 2] |
τὰ
μεταξὺ
τῶν
ἁπλῶς
βαρέων
|
καὶ |
κούφων
διὰ
τίν´
αἰτίαν
βαρύτερα |
[4, 2] |
πλεῖστοι
περὶ
τῶν
οὕτω
βαρέων
|
καὶ |
κούφων
εἰρήκασι
μόνον,
ὅσων
ἀμφοτέρων |
[4, 1] |
ὑπὲρ
ἡμᾶς
ἡμισφαίριον,
ἐπεὶ
προσυπολαβόντες
|
καὶ |
κύκλῳ
τοιοῦτον,
καὶ
τὸ
μέσον |
[4, 2] |
ἕτερον
τὸ
αἴτιον
οἴονταί
τε
|
καὶ |
λέγουσιν
ἔνιοι·
τὸ
γὰρ
κενὸν |
[4, 6] |
Εὐδιαίρετον
μὲν
οὖν
τὸ
εὐόριστον,
|
καὶ |
μᾶλλον
τὸ
μᾶλλον·
ἀὴρ
δὲ |
[4, 4] |
θάτερον·
ἔστι
γὰρ
ὡς
ἔσχατον
|
καὶ |
μέσον
ἀμφοτέρων
ἐστὶ
τὸ
μεταξύ· |
[4, 1] |
ἐστί
τι
τοῦ
οὐρανοῦ
ἔσχατον
|
καὶ |
μέσον,
δῆλον
ὅτι
ἔσται
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
τί
τὸ
ὑγιαστὸν
ἂν
κινῆται
|
καὶ |
μεταβάλλῃ
ᾗ
ὑγιαστόν,
εἰς
ὑγίειαν |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
περὶ
τὰς
ἄλλας
γενέσεις
|
καὶ |
μεταβολάς.
Ἐπεὶ
γάρ
εἰσι
τρεῖς |
[4, 4] |
ἔσχατον.
Ἔστι
δὲ
δή
τι
|
καὶ |
μεταξὺ
τούτων,
ὃ
πρὸς
ἑκάτερον |
[4, 2] |
συμβαίνειν
τοῖς
μίαν
ποιοῦσιν
ὕλην,
|
καὶ |
μήθ´
ἁπλῶς
εἶναι
μηθὲν
κοῦφον |
[4, 2] |
αὐτῶν
εἶναι
πάντα
τὰ
σώματα
|
καὶ |
μιᾶς
ὕλης,
ἀλλ´
οὐ
δοκεῖν. |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
ταῦτα
ἐξ
αὑτῶν
μεταβάλλει,
|
καὶ |
μικρᾶς
γενομένης
ἐν
τοῖς
ἔξω |
[4, 2] |
ἁπλῶν
ἐστιν.
Τὸ
δὲ
μεγέθει
|
καὶ |
μικρότητι
διορίζειν
πεπλασμένῳ
μὲν
ἔοικε |
[4, 6] |
διὰ
τί
τὰ
πλατέα
σιδήρια
|
καὶ |
μόλιβδος
ἐπιπλεῖ
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
ὕδατος, |
[4, 3] |
πρὸς
αὐτήν,
ἀλλ´
ὅπου
περ
|
καὶ |
νῦν.
Ὅλως
μὲν
οὖν
τοῖς |
[4, 2] |
ἐστιν.
Τὸν
αὐτὸν
δὲ
τρόπον
|
καὶ |
ξύλου
μόλιβδόν
φασιν·
ἔκ
τινων |
[4, 4] |
πάντα
βάρος
ἔχει
πλὴν
πυρός,
|
καὶ |
ὁ
ἀήρ.
Σημεῖον
δ´
ὅτι |
[4, 2] |
πάλιν
ὡσαύτως
ὁ
πλείων
χρυσὸς
|
καὶ |
ὁ
μόλιβδος·
ὁμοίως
δὲ
καὶ |
[4, 1] |
καὶ
ἄνω
καὶ
κάτω,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
οἱ
πολλοὶ
λέγουσι,
πλὴν
οὐχ |
[4, 3] |
οὗ
ἡ
ἐντελέχεια
καὶ
ὅσου
|
καὶ |
οἵου
(καὶ
ὅπου)
Τὸ
δ´ |
[4, 2] |
πλείων
ἀὴρ
ἄνω
φέρεται
μᾶλλον,
|
καὶ |
ὅλως
ὁτιοῦν
μέρος
ἀέρος
ἄνω |
[4, 3] |
αἴτιον
καὶ
τοῦ
ἤδη
ὑπάρχοντα
|
καὶ |
ὄντα
γῆν
καὶ
πῦρ
κινεῖσθαι |
[4, 3] |
ἐντελέχεια
καὶ
ὅσου
καὶ
οἵου
|
(καὶ |
ὅπου)
Τὸ
δ´
αὐτὸ
αἴτιον |
[4, 4] |
πλὴν
γῆς.
Γῆν
μὲν
οὖν
|
καὶ |
ὅσα
γῆς
ἔχει
πλεῖστον,
πανταχοῦ |
[4, 4] |
εἴς
τε
τὸ
γένος
βλέπων,
|
καὶ |
ὅσοις
μὴ
ἀμφότερα
ὑπάρχει·
οἷον |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
τοιοῦτον,
οὗ
ἡ
ἐντελέχεια
|
καὶ |
ὅσου
καὶ
οἵου
(καὶ
ὅπου) |
[4, 6] |
μακρά,
οἷον
βελόνη,
κάτω
φέρεται,
|
καὶ |
ὅτι
ἔνια
διὰ
μικρότητα
ἐπιπλεῖ, |
[4, 3] |
τὰ
ἐναντία
καὶ
τὰ
μεταξύ,
|
καὶ |
οὐκ
εἰς
τὸ
τυχὸν
τῷ |
[4, 3] |
ἄνω.
Ἅμα
δ´
ἐστὶ
κοῦφον,
|
καὶ |
οὐκέτι
γίνεται,
ἀλλ´
ἐκεῖ
ἐστιν. |
[4, 4] |
κωλυόμενον·
τοιαῦτα
γάρ
ἐστί
τινα,
|
καὶ |
οὐχ
ὥσπερ
οἴονταί
τινες
πάντ´ |
[4, 4] |
φερόμενον,
ἡ
δὲ
γῆ
κάτω
|
καὶ |
πᾶν
τὸ
βάρος
ἔχον.
Ὥστ´ |
[4, 1] |
φασίν,
εἴπερ
πάντῃ
ὅμοιός
ἐστι,
|
καὶ |
πανταχόθεν
ἀντίπους
ἔσται
πορευόμενος
ἕκαστος |
[4, 5] |
ὅτι
ὁμοίως
κάτω
τε
ἀεὶ
|
καὶ |
πανταχοῦ
φέρεται
καὶ
ἄνω)
ἐὰν |
[4, 2] |
ἢ
καὶ
ἐλαττόνων.
Ὅλως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
παντὸς
αἴτιον
εἶναι
τοῦ
κουφοτέρου |
[4, 3] |
τόπον
ἕκαστον
ὁμοίως
ὑποληπτέον
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
περὶ
τὰς
ἄλλας
γενέσεις
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
οὕτω
δὲ
διελθόντες
οἴονται
διωρίσθαι
|
καὶ |
περὶ
τοῦ
ἁπλῶς
κούφου
καὶ |
[4, 5] |
ἐναντίων
εἶναι
μεταξὺ
καὶ
ἓν
|
καὶ |
πλείω,
(ὥσπερ
ἐν
χρώμασιν·
πολλαχῶς |
[4, 2] |
εἶναι
τριγώνων,
ἀλλὰ
διαφέρειν
ὀλιγότητι
|
καὶ |
πλήθει,
διὸ
τὸ
μὲν
αὐτῶν |
[4, 2] |
δέ,
(καθάπερ
οἱ
τὸ
κενὸν
|
καὶ |
πλῆρες,
οὐκ
ἔσται
τὰ
μεταξὺ |
[4, 5] |
τις
(φαίη
εἶναι
τὸ
κενὸν
|
καὶ |
πλῆρες·
τὸ
μὲν
οὖν
πῦρ |
[4, 2] |
ἐμπεριλαμβανόμενον
κουφίζειν
τὰ
σώματά
φασι
|
καὶ |
ποιεῖν
ἔστιν
ὅτε
τὰ
μείζω |
[4, 2] |
ἀλλ´
ἢ
ὑστερίζον
ἢ
ἐκθλιβόμενον,
|
καὶ |
πολλὰ
μικρὰ
ὀλίγων
μεγάλων
βαρύτερα |
[4, 2] |
τοῦτο
ἔσται,
συμβήσεται
πολὺν
ἀέρα
|
καὶ |
πολὺ
πῦρ
ὕδατος
εἶναι
βαρύτερα |
[4, 1] |
κοῦφον
λέγομεν
τὸ
ἄνω
φερόμενον
|
καὶ |
πρὸς
τὸ
ἔσχατον,
βαρὺ
δὲ |
[4, 1] |
βαρὺ
δὲ
ἁπλῶς
τὸ
κάτω
|
καὶ |
πρὸς
τὸ
μέσον·
πρὸς
ἄλλο |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
τὰ
γεηρὰ
πάντα
κάτω
|
καὶ |
πρὸς
τὸ
μέσον.
Ὥστ´
οὐ |
[4, 2] |
βαρύτερον,
ἀέρα
δὲ
καὶ
ὕδωρ
|
καὶ |
πῦρ
ἐκ
τῶν
αὐτῶν
εἶναι |
[4, 3] |
ἤδη
ὑπάρχοντα
καὶ
ὄντα
γῆν
|
καὶ |
πῦρ
κινεῖσθαι
εἰς
τοὺς
αὑτῶν |
[4, 2] |
κἄν
τις
ἄλλως
διορίζῃ,
μεγέθει
|
καὶ |
σμικρότητι
ποιῶν
βαρύτερα
καὶ
κουφότερα |
[4, 2] |
κενὸν
εἶναι
κουφότερον,
εἰ
μὴ
|
καὶ |
στερεὸν
ἕξει
πολλαπλάσιον·
ὥστε
τοῦτο |
[4, 2] |
ἄνω
φέρεται,
ἡ
δὲ
γῆ
|
καὶ |
τὰ
γεηρὰ
πάντα
κάτω
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
τῶν
ἐναντίων
εἰς
τὰ
ἐναντία
|
καὶ |
τὰ
μεταξύ,
καὶ
οὐκ
εἰς |
[4, 4] |
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ
Δ'
Τὰς
δὲ
διαφορὰς
|
καὶ |
τὰ
συμβαίνοντα
περὶ
αὐτὰ
νῦν |
[4, 6] |
ἰσχὺν
καθ´
ἣν
φέρεται
κάτω,
|
καὶ |
τὰ
συνεχῆ
πρὸς
τὸ
μὴ |
[4, 3] |
οὐκ
εἰς
λευκότητα.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τἆλλα
πάντα
τὰ
ἀλλοιωτά.
Ἀλλὰ |
[4, 5] |
καὶ
ἐπιπολάζει
τινί.
Ὥστε
ἀνάγκη
|
καὶ |
τὰς
ὕλας
τοσαύτας
εἶναι
ὅσαπερ |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
τὸ
αὐξητόν.
Καίτοι
ἐνίοτε
|
καὶ |
ταῦτα
ἐξ
αὑτῶν
μεταβάλλει,
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
αὑτοῦ
εἶδός
ἐστι
φέρεσθαι
|
(καὶ |
ταύτῃ
μᾶλλον
ἄν
τις
ὑπολάβοι |
[4, 1] |
κατὰ
τὴν
θέσιν
ἐστὶν
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
τῇ
φύσει
πρῶτον·
ἐπεὶ
δ´ |
[4, 5] |
κενόν,
τὰ
δ´
ἄλλα
οὔ,
|
καὶ |
τὴν
γῆν
κάτω,
ὅτι
τὸ |
[4, 1] |
λέγουσι
τί
ἐστι
τὸ
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
τί
τὸ
κοῦφον,
ἀλλὰ
τί |
[4, 1] |
κούφου,
τί
τ´
ἐστὶν
ἑκάτερον
|
καὶ |
τίς
ἡ
φύσις
αὐτῶν,
σκεπτέον, |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
τὸ
αὐξητὸν
ἕτερον,
οὕτω
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἀλλοιωτικὸν
καὶ
τὸ
αὐξητικόν. |
[4, 3] |
ἕτερον,
οὕτω
καὶ
τὸ
ἀλλοιωτικὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αὐξητικόν.
Τὸν
αὐτὸν
δὴ |
[4, 3] |
τυχόντος·
ἀλλ´
ὥσπερ
τὸ
ἀλλοιωτὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αὐξητὸν
ἕτερον,
οὕτω
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
ἀλλ´
ἔξωθεν,
οἷον
τὸ
ὑγιαστὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αὐξητόν.
Καίτοι
ἐνίοτε
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
πάντα
τὰ
ἀλλοιωτά.
Ἀλλὰ
μὴν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
αὐξητὸν
ὅταν
μεταβάλλῃ
ᾗ |
[4, 6] |
ὕδατος
τοιοῦτον,
ὕδωρ
δὲ
γῆς.
|
Καὶ |
τὸ
ἔλαττον
δὴ
ἐν
ἑκάστῳ |
[4, 4] |
οἱ
τόποι
δύο,
τὸ
μέσον
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ἔσχατον.
Ἔστι
δὲ
δή |
[4, 3] |
Τὸν
αὐτὸν
δὴ
τρόπον
ὑποληπτέον
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κατὰ
τόπον
κινητικὸν
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
Εἰ
οὖν
εἰς
τὸ
ἄνω
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κάτω
κινητικὸν
μὲν
τὸ |
[4, 2] |
τοῦ
μὴ
διεστάναι
τὸ
πλῆρες
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κενόν.
Ἄλογον
δὲ
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
ἕξει
στερεὸν
τῶν
ἄλλων
σωμάτων,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κενὸν
πλεῖον·
ἀλλ´
ὅμως |
[4, 2] |
πλήθει
γῆς.
Ἐὰν
δὲ
φῶσι
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κενόν,
πῶς
διοριοῦσι
τὸ |
[4, 3] |
κάτω
κινητικὸν
μὲν
τὸ
βαρυντικὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κουφιστικόν,
κινητὸν
δὲ
τὸ |
[4, 4] |
τὸ
μέσον.
Ἔστι
δ´
ὁμοίως
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κοῦφον.
Ὁρῶμεν
γάρ,
καθάπερ |
[4, 3] |
μεταβολῆς
(λέγω
δὲ
τὸ
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κοῦφον)
τὰ
δ´
οὔ, |
[4, 3] |
νόσον.
Μᾶλλον
δὲ
τὸ
βαρὺ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
κοῦφον
τούτων
ἐν
ἑαυτοῖς |
[4, 5] |
πολλαχῶς
γὰρ
λέγεται
τὸ
μεταξὺ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
μέσον.
Ἐν
μὲν
οὖν |
[4, 1] |
ἐπεὶ
προσυπολαβόντες
καὶ
κύκλῳ
τοιοῦτον,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
μέσον
ὁμοίως
ἔχειν
πρὸς |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
κάτω
τό
τε
ἔσχατον
|
καὶ |
τὸ
μέσον,
τοῦτο
δὲ
τρόπον |
[4, 4] |
δ´
εἶναι
οὐ
ταὐτόν,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
νοσερὸν
καὶ
τὸ
ὑγιαστόν. |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
ἐπεὶ
ταὐτὸν
τὸ
ὑγιαστὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
νόσου
δεκτικόν,
ἐὰν
μὲν |
[4, 3] |
πέφυκεν
ἕν
τι
φέρεσθαι
μόριον,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
πᾶν.
Ἐπεὶ
δ´
ὁ |
[4, 2] |
πλῆθος
ἐν
ᾧ
τὸ
στερεὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
πλῆρες
ὑπερβάλλει
τῶν
περιεχομένων |
[4, 5] |
οὐδαμοῦ
οὐδέποτε.
Ἀνάγκη
τοίνυν,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
πῦρ
ἄνω,
ὅτι
τοδὶ |
[4, 2] |
ἔσται
κουφότερον.
Διὰ
γὰρ
τοῦτο
|
καὶ |
τὸ
πῦρ
εἶναί
φασι
κουφότατον, |
[4, 2] |
πλεῖον,
ἂν
ᾖ
κουφότερον,
ἀλλὰ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
στερεὸν
ἔλαττον·
εἰ
γὰρ |
[4, 2] |
γὰρ
αὐτὸ
κινεῖται
μόνον,
ἀλλὰ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
στερεόν.
Ὡσαύτως
δὲ
συμβαίνει |
[4, 3] |
ἐκεῖ
καὶ
εἰς
τὸ
τοσοῦτον
|
καὶ |
τὸ
τοιοῦτον,
οὗ
ἡ
ἐντελέχεια |
[4, 3] |
ἡ
τροφή,
ὅταν
τὸ
κωλῦον,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὑγιαστόν,
ὅταν
τὸ
ἐπίσχον |
[4, 4] |
ταὐτόν,
ὥσπερ
καὶ
τὸ
νοσερὸν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὑγιαστόν.
Τὸ
γὰρ
εἶναι |
[4, 5] |
ὕδατος,
ὅτι
τοδί
τι
ἔχει,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὕδωρ
κάτω,
ὅτι
τοιόνδε |
[4, 5] |
ἀήρ,
εἰ
μὴ
βίᾳ,
ὥσπερ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὕδωρ
σπᾶται,
ὅταν
γένηται |
[4, 3] |
τό
τε
ἐξ
ἀρχῆς
ποιῆσαν
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὑποσπάσαν
ἢ
ὅθεν
ἀπεπήδησεν, |
[4, 4] |
κουφότητα
οὐδεμίαν,
εἴπερ
ὑφίσταται
πᾶσι
|
καὶ |
τὸ
ὑφιστάμενον
φέρεται
ἐπὶ
τὸ |
[4, 1] |
σκέψιν
ταύτην
διελεῖν
ἀναγκαῖον,
οὕτω
|
καὶ |
τὸ
φαινόμενον
ἡμῖν
εἴπωμεν
περὶ |
[4, 3] |
αἰτίαν
φέρεται
τῶν
φερομένων
ἕκαστον,
|
καὶ |
τὸ
φέρεσθαι
εἰς
τὸν
αὑτοῦ |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
τὸ
κενόν.
Ἄλογον
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τὸ
χώραν
τῷ
κενῷ
ποιεῖν, |
[4, 2] |
συμβήσεται
λέγειν
αὐτοῖς.
Ἀναγκαῖον
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τοῖς
περὶ
τῆς
τοῦ
πυρὸς |
[4, 5] |
κάτω,
ὅτι
τὸ
πλῆρες
ἔχει,
|
καὶ |
τὸν
ἀέρα
εἰς
τὴν
αὑτοῦ |
[4, 2] |
ἔχειν
κενόν.
Διὰ
τοῦτο
γὰρ
|
καὶ |
τὸν
ὄγκον
εἶναι
μείζω
συγκείμενα |
[4, 1] |
κουφότερον,
ὅτε,
δυοῖν
ἐχόντων
βάρος
|
καὶ |
τὸν
ὄγκον
ἴσον,
κάτω
φέρεται |
[4, 3] |
ὅπου)
Τὸ
δ´
αὐτὸ
αἴτιον
|
καὶ |
τοῦ
ἤδη
ὑπάρχοντα
καὶ
ὄντα |
[4, 4] |
πρώτοις,
ὅπερ
ἔφαμεν
χρῆναι
ποιεῖν
|
καὶ |
τοὺς
διὰ
τὸ
πλῆρες
τὸ |
[4, 2] |
παρὰ
τῶν
ἄλλων
εἰρημένα
ταῦτα,
|
καὶ |
τοῦτον
λέγεται
τὸν
τρόπον.
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ |
[4, 2] |
λεγομένην
νῦν
ἀπορίαν.
Συμβήσεται
γὰρ
|
καὶ |
τοῦτον
τὸν
τρόπον
λέγουσιν
ὡσαύτως |
[4, 3] |
εἰς
μεγέθους
ὑπεροχήν.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τούτων
ἕκαστον
τὸ
μὲν
ἐν |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
ὁ
μόλιβδος·
ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἄλλων
ἕκαστον
τῶν
ἐχόντων |
[4, 4] |
ᾖ,
ἀέρι
ὑφίσταται.
Ἐπεὶ
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἄλλων
τὰ
μὲν
ἔχει |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
χαλκοῦ
χαλκός.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἄλλων
τῶν
ὁμοειδῶν
ἕκαστον· |
[4, 2] |
αἰτίαν
βαρύτερα
καὶ
κουφότερα
ἀλλήλων
|
καὶ |
τῶν
ἁπλῶν
ἐστιν.
Τὸ
δὲ |
[4, 5] |
οὐκ
ἔσται
ὃ
ἀεὶ
κάτω.
|
Καὶ |
τῶν
μεταξὺ
δὴ
ἔνια
ἔσται |
[4, 6] |
μὲν
οὖν
βαρέος
καὶ
κούφου
|
καὶ |
τῶν
περὶ
αὐτὰ
συμβεβηκότων
διωρίσθω |
[4, 3] |
ταῦτα
περὶ
βαρέος
καὶ
κούφου
|
καὶ |
τῶν
συμβαινόντων
περὶ
αὐτὰ
παθημάτων, |
[4, 4] |
ἀέρος
ἔχει
πλεῖον
ἢ
γῆς
|
καὶ |
ὕδατος,
ἐν
μὲν
ὕδατι
ἐνδέχεται |
[4, 4] |
τισι
καὶ
ὑφίστανται,
καθάπερ
ἀὴρ
|
καὶ |
ὕδωρ·
ἁπλῶς
μὲν
γὰρ
οὐδέτερον |
[4, 5] |
καὶ
κάτω
(φερομένας)
διὸ
ἀὴρ
|
καὶ |
ὕδωρ
ἔχουσι
καὶ
κουφότητα
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
δὲ
πλείω
βαρύτερον,
ἀέρα
δὲ
|
καὶ |
ὕδωρ
καὶ
πῦρ
ἐκ
τῶν |
[4, 5] |
καὶ
κουφότητα
καὶ
βάρος
ἑκάτερον,
|
καὶ |
ὕδωρ
μὲν
πλὴν
γῆς
πᾶσιν |
[4, 5] |
ποιοῦντα
ἃ
ποιεῖ
ἀήρ
τε
|
καὶ |
ὕδωρ;
(Οἷον
εἴ
τις
(φαίη |
[4, 5] |
ἢ
ἐν
οἷς
ἐπιπολάζει.
Διὸ
|
καὶ |
ὑποσπωμένων
μὲν
φέρεται
εἰς
τὰ |
[4, 4] |
ὑπάρχει·
καὶ
γὰρ
ἐπιπολάζουσί
τισι
|
καὶ |
ὑφίστανται,
καθάπερ
ἀὴρ
καὶ
ὕδωρ· |
[4, 5] |
ἀνάγκη
δύο
ἄλλα
εἶναι
ἃ
|
καὶ |
ὑφίσταταί
τινι
καὶ
ἐπιπολάζει
τινί. |
[4, 4] |
ὅτι
τὰ
γεηρὰ
πᾶσιν
ὑφίσταται
|
καὶ |
φέρεται
πρὸς
τὸ
μέσον.
Ἀλλὰ |
[4, 2] |
τὰ
δὲ
βαρέα
τῶν
σωμάτων,
|
καὶ |
φέρεται
τὰ
μὲν
ἀεὶ
ἄνω |
[4, 2] |
τι
κουφότερον
τοῦ
ἁπλῶς
κούφου
|
καὶ |
φερομένου
ἀεὶ
ἄνω
αὐτὸ
φερόμενον |
[4, 2] |
μολίβδου
μόλιβδος
ὁ
πλείων
βαρύτερος
|
καὶ |
χαλκοῦ
χαλκός.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
καίπερ
ὄντες
ἀρχαιότεροι
ταῖς
ἡλικίαις
|
καινοτέρως |
ἐνόησαν
περὶ
τῶν
νῦν
λεχθέντων. |
[4, 2] |
ἱκανὸν
ἔδοξεν
οὕτω
διελεῖν,
ἀλλὰ
|
καίπερ |
ὄντες
ἀρχαιότεροι
ταῖς
ἡλικίαις
καινοτέρως |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
ὑγιαστὸν
καὶ
τὸ
αὐξητόν.
|
Καίτοι |
ἐνίοτε
καὶ
ταῦτα
ἐξ
αὑτῶν |
[4, 6] |
μᾶλλον
τοῦτο
ποιεῖν,
ὥσπερ
ἐνίσταται
|
κἀκεῖνος |
αὐτός.
Ἀλλ´
ἐνστὰς
λύει
μαλακῶς· |
[4, 2] |
τὸ
στερεόν.
Ὡσαύτως
δὲ
συμβαίνει
|
κἄν |
τις
ἄλλως
διορίζῃ,
μεγέθει
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
κουφότερα
θάτερα
τῶν
ἑτέρων,
|
κἂν |
ἄλλον
ὁντινοῦν
τρόπον
κατασκευάζων,
μόνον |
[4, 2] |
πολλῷ
πλήθει
πυρός.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
|
κἂν |
τῷ
κενῷ
διορίσωσιν,
ἔσται
τι |
[4, 3] |
μὲν
κατὰ
μέγεθος,
ἡ
δὲ
|
κατ´ |
εἶδος,
ἡ
δὲ
κατὰ
τόπον) |
[4, 4] |
ἡ
ἐν
τοῖς
ἀσυνθέτοις
διαφορά·
|
κατὰ |
γὰρ
τὸ
ἐκείνων
τετυχηκέναι
τοῦ |
[4, 3] |
τρεῖς
αἱ
κινήσεις
(ἡ
μὲν
|
κατὰ |
μέγεθος,
ἡ
δὲ
κατ´
εἶδος, |
[4, 1] |
ἔσχατον
ἄνω
λέγομεν,
ὃ
καὶ
|
κατὰ |
τὴν
θέσιν
ἐστὶν
ἄνω
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
κινήσεων,
ὥστε
πρώτη
ἂν
εἴη
|
κατὰ |
τὴν
οὐσίαν
αὕτη
ἡ
κίνησις. |
[4, 3] |
δὲ
κατ´
εἶδος,
ἡ
δὲ
|
κατὰ |
τόπον)
ἐν
ἑκάστῃ
τούτων
τὴν |
[4, 3] |
δὴ
τρόπον
ὑποληπτέον
καὶ
τὸ
|
κατὰ |
τόπον
κινητικὸν
καὶ
κινητὸν
οὐ |
[4, 4] |
ὡς
ὕλη.
Καὶ
ἐν
τοῖς
|
κατὰ |
τόπον
ὡσαύτως
τὸ
μὲν
ἄνω |
[4, 3] |
δὲ
κάτω
τῶν
σωμάτων
ἀεὶ
|
κατὰ |
φύσιν,
τὰ
δὲ
καὶ
ἄνω |
[4, 2] |
ἑτέρων,
κἂν
ἄλλον
ὁντινοῦν
τρόπον
|
κατασκευάζων, |
μόνον
δὲ
τὴν
αὐτὴν
ὕλην |
[4, 5] |
τὴν
δὲ
γῆν
πλῆρες,
διὸ
|
κάτω· |
ἀέρα
δὲ
πλεῖον
πυρὸς
ἔχειν, |
[4, 5] |
μὲν
φέρεται
εἰς
τὰ
ἐφεξῆς
|
κάτω, |
ἀὴρ
μὲν
εἰς
τὴν
τοῦ |
[4, 1] |
φήσουσιν
εἶναι,
τὸ
δὲ
μέσον
|
κάτω. |
Ἁπλῶς
μὲν
οὖν
κοῦφον
λέγομεν |
[4, 2] |
ἄνω
πῦρ
τοῦ
ἐλάττονος,
καὶ
|
κάτω |
δὲ
πάλιν
ὡσαύτως
ὁ
πλείων |
[4, 2] |
μὲν
κενὸν
ἄνω
πέφυκε
φέρεσθαι,
|
κάτω |
δὲ
τὸ
πλῆρες,
καὶ
διὰ |
[4, 1] |
μέσου
φερόμενον
ἄνω
λέγω
φέρεσθαι,
|
κάτω |
δὲ
τὸ
πρὸς
τὸ
μέσον. |
[4, 6] |
διὰ
τὸ
ὀλίγον
περιλαμβάνειν
φέρεται
|
κάτω, |
διὰ
τὸ
διαιρεῖν
ῥᾳδίως.
Καὶ |
[4, 5] |
γῆ
ἄνω,
οὐδὲ
τὸ
πῦρ
|
κάτω |
εἶσιν
ὑφαιρουμένου
τοῦ
ἀέρος·
οὐδὲν |
[4, 6] |
αἴτια
τοῦ
φέρεσθαι
ἁπλῶς
ἢ
|
κάτω |
ἢ
ἄνω,
ἀλλὰ
τοῦ
θᾶττον |
[4, 5] |
τῶν
μεταξὺ
δὴ
ἔνια
ἔσται
|
κάτω |
θᾶττον
γῆς·
ἐν
γὰρ
τῷ |
[4, 6] |
τὴν
διάσπασιν
καὶ
διαίρεσιν,
βιάσεται
|
κάτω |
θᾶττον,
ἐὰν
δὲ
ἀσθενεστέρα
ᾖ, |
[4, 5] |
ἄνω
καὶ
ἀὴρ
ὕδατος
τῷ
|
κάτω, |
καθάπερ
εἴρηται
πολλάκις.
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ
Τὰ |
[4, 1] |
τὸ
μὲν
ἄνω
τὸ
δὲ
|
κάτω, |
καθάπερ
τινὲς
ἀξιοῦσιν·
οὐ
γὰρ |
[4, 4] |
ἄνω
φερόμενον,
ἡ
δὲ
γῆ
|
κάτω |
καὶ
πᾶν
τὸ
βάρος
ἔχον. |
[4, 1] |
ἔσχατον,
βαρὺ
δὲ
ἁπλῶς
τὸ
|
κάτω |
καὶ
πρὸς
τὸ
μέσον·
πρὸς |
[4, 2] |
γῆ
καὶ
τὰ
γεηρὰ
πάντα
|
κάτω |
καὶ
πρὸς
τὸ
μέσον.
Ὥστ´ |
[4, 6] |
τινὰ
ἰσχὺν
καθ´
ἣν
φέρεται
|
κάτω, |
καὶ
τὰ
συνεχῆ
πρὸς
τὸ |
[4, 5] |
ἄνω,
οὐκ
ἔσται
ὃ
ἀεὶ
|
κάτω. |
Καὶ
τῶν
μεταξὺ
δὴ
ἔνια |
[4, 3] |
εἰς
τὸ
ἄνω
καὶ
τὸ
|
κάτω |
κινητικὸν
μὲν
τὸ
βαρυντικὸν
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
τὰ
δὲ
καὶ
ἄνω
καὶ
|
κάτω, |
μετὰ
δὲ
ταῦτα
περὶ
βαρέος |
[4, 5] |
ἢ
πάντα
ἄνω
ἢ
πάντα
|
κάτω |
οἰσθήσεται,
ἡ
δὲ
ἑτέρα
φορὰ |
[4, 5] |
ἄλλα
οὔ,
καὶ
τὴν
γῆν
|
κάτω, |
ὅτι
τὸ
πλῆρες
ἔχει,
καὶ |
[4, 5] |
τι
ἔχει,
καὶ
τὸ
ὕδωρ
|
κάτω, |
ὅτι
τοιόνδε
τι.
Εἰ
δὲ |
[4, 2] |
μὲν
ἀεὶ
ἄνω
τὰ
δὲ
|
κάτω, |
οὐδὲ
περὶ
τοῦ
ἔνια
μείζω |
[4, 5] |
φορᾶς,
ἣν
φέρεται
τὸ
ὕδωρ
|
κάτω. |
Οὐδὲ
τὸ
ὕδωρ
εἰς
τὴν |
[4, 4] |
ἄνω
καὶ
βαρὺ
ὃ
ἀεὶ
|
κάτω |
πέφυκε
φέρεσθαι
μὴ
κωλυόμενον·
τοιαῦτα |
[4, 3] |
κοῦφα
ἄνω,
τὰ
δὲ
βαρέα
|
κάτω. |
Πλὴν
ὅτι
τὰ
μὲν
ἐν |
[4, 5] |
ἡ
γῆ
κουφότητα.
Φέρεται
δὲ
|
κάτω |
τὰ
δύο
ὑποσπωμένων,
ὅτι
τὸ |
[4, 5] |
τε,
καὶ
δέδεικται
ὅτι
ὁμοίως
|
κάτω |
τε
ἀεὶ
καὶ
πανταχοῦ
φέρεται |
[4, 4] |
ἄνω
τοῦ
ὡρισμένου,
τὸ
δὲ
|
κάτω |
τῆς
ὕλης.
Ὥστε
καὶ
ἐν |
[4, 3] |
πῦρ
ἄνω
καὶ
ἡ
γῆ
|
κάτω, |
τὸ
αὐτό
ἐστι
καὶ
διὰ |
[4, 5] |
τὴν
ἐναντίαν
βαρὺ
καὶ
ἀεὶ
|
κάτω· |
τὸ
δ´
ἑτέρας
μὲν
τούτων, |
[4, 2] |
φέρεται
θᾶττον.
Καὶ
ἄνωθεν
δὲ
|
κάτω |
τὸ
ὀλίγον
οἰσθήσεται
θᾶττον
πῦρ, |
[4, 3] |
πάντα
τὰ
κινούμενα
ἄνω
καὶ
|
κάτω |
τό
τε
ἔσχατον
καὶ
τὸ |
[4, 4] |
τύχῃ
κωλῦον
ἕτερον,
γῆς
δὲ
|
κάτω· |
τὸν
αὐτὸν
δὲ
τρόπον
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
ἀεὶ
ἄνω
αὐτὸ
φερόμενον
ἀεὶ
|
κάτω. |
Τοῦτο
δὲ
ἀδύνατον·
τὸ
γὰρ |
[4, 3] |
μὲν
ἄνω
φέρεται
τὰ
δὲ
|
κάτω |
τῶν
σωμάτων
ἀεὶ
κατὰ
φύσιν, |
[4, 5] |
ἀέρος
τι
πλῆθος
θᾶττον
φέρεσθαι
|
κάτω |
ὕδατος
ὀλίγου.
Τοῦτο
δ´
οὐ |
[4, 1] |
τὸ
μὲν
ἄνω
τὸ
δὲ
|
κάτω |
φασίν,
εἴπερ
πάντῃ
ὅμοιός
ἐστι, |
[4, 1] |
βάρος
καὶ
τὸν
ὄγκον
ἴσον,
|
κάτω |
φέρεται
θάτερον
φύσει
θᾶττον.
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ |
[4, 6] |
στρογγύλα
ἢ
μακρά,
οἷον
βελόνη,
|
κάτω |
φέρεται,
καὶ
ὅτι
ἔνια
διὰ |
[4, 5] |
αὗται
ἁπλῶς,
καὶ
ἄνω
καὶ
|
κάτω |
(φερομένας)
διὸ
ἀὴρ
καὶ
ὕδωρ |
[4, 5] |
δ´
οὐδὲ
ἓν
μόριον
ἀέρος
|
κάτω |
φερόμενον.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
καὶ
ἐπὶ |
[4, 2] |
κουφότερον
τῶν
ἐχόντων
βάρος
καὶ
|
κάτω |
φερομένων,
τὸ
δὲ
κουφότερον
οὐκ |
[4, 1] |
ὅτι
ἔσται
καὶ
ἄνω
καὶ
|
κάτω, |
ὥσπερ
καὶ
οἱ
πολλοὶ
λέγουσι, |
[4, 1] |
δὲ
ἐνεργείαις
ὀνόματ´
αὐτῶν
οὐ
|
κεῖται, |
πλὴν
εἴ
τις
οἴοιτο
τὴν |
[4, 2] |
διεστάναι
τὸ
πλῆρες
καὶ
τὸ
|
κενόν. |
Ἄλογον
δὲ
καὶ
τὸ
χώραν |
[4, 2] |
Ἀλλὰ
μὴν
οὐδὲ
τῷ
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
ἀνάλογον
ἔχειν
πρὸς
τὸ
πλῆρες |
[4, 2] |
μὴν
εἴ
γε
τὸ
μὲν
|
κενὸν |
ἄνω
πέφυκε
φέρεσθαι,
κάτω
δὲ |
[4, 2] |
μὲν
ἄνω
φέρονται,
τὸ
δὲ
|
κενὸν |
αὐτὸ
μή.
Ἀλλὰ
μὴν
εἴ |
[4, 2] |
μείζω
κουφότερα·
πλεῖον
γὰρ
ἔχειν
|
κενόν. |
Διὰ
τοῦτο
γὰρ
καὶ
τὸν |
[4, 5] |
πλῆρες·
τὸ
μὲν
οὖν
πῦρ
|
κενόν, |
διὸ
ἄνω,
τὴν
δὲ
γῆν |
[4, 2] |
στερεὸν
ἔχειν
ἢ
τῷ
ἔλαττον
|
κενόν. |
Εἰ
μὲν
οὖν
τοῦτο
(φήσουσιν, |
[4, 2] |
ἀναγκαῖον
δ´,
εἴπερ
κινεῖται
τὸ
|
κενόν, |
εἶναι
αὐτοῦ
τινα
τόπον,
ἐξ |
[4, 2] |
πολὺν
χρυσὸν
πλεῖον
ἔχοντα
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
εἶναι
κουφότερον,
εἰ
μὴ
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
λέγουσιν
ἔνιοι·
τὸ
γὰρ
|
κενὸν |
ἐμπεριλαμβανόμενον
κουφίζειν
τὰ
σώματά
φασι |
[4, 2] |
οὕτω
διορίζουσι
μὴ
μόνον
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
ἔχειν
πλεῖον,
ἂν
ᾖ
κουφότερον, |
[4, 2] |
πυρὸς
κουφότητος
αἰτιωμένοις
τὸ
πολὺ
|
κενὸν |
ἔχειν
σχεδὸν
ἐν
ταῖς
αὐταῖς |
[4, 5] |
καὶ
ἄνω)
ἐὰν
δὲ
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
ἤ
τι
τοιοῦτον
ὃ
ἀεὶ |
[4, 5] |
ὕλη
πάντων,
οἷον
ἢ
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
ἢ
τὸ
πλῆρες
ἢ
τὸ |
[4, 2] |
ἐναντίας
δέ,
(καθάπερ
οἱ
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
καὶ
πλῆρες,
οὐκ
ἔσται
τὰ |
[4, 5] |
εἴ
τις
(φαίη
εἶναι
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
καὶ
πλῆρες·
τὸ
μὲν
οὖν |
[4, 2] |
τοῦ
κουφοτέρου
τὸ
πλεῖον
ἐνυπάρχειν
|
κενόν. |
(Λέγουσι
μὲν
οὖν
τοῦτον
τὸν |
[4, 2] |
δὲ
καὶ
εἰ
διὰ
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
μὲν
ἄνω
φέρονται,
τὸ
δὲ |
[4, 2] |
Οὐ
γὰρ
δὴ
τό
γε
|
κενόν· |
οὐ
γὰρ
αὐτὸ
κινεῖται
μόνον, |
[4, 2] |
οὖν
τῶν
μὴ
φασκόντων
εἶναι
|
κενὸν |
οὐδὲν
διώρισαν
περὶ
κούφου
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
μέν,
οὐ
φάσκοντες
δὲ
εἶναι
|
κενόν, |
οὐδὲν
εἶπον
διὰ
τί
τὰ |
[4, 2] |
τῶν
ἄλλων
σωμάτων,
καὶ
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
πλεῖον·
ἀλλ´
ὅμως
ἔσται
τι |
[4, 2] |
Ἐὰν
δὲ
φῶσι
καὶ
τὸ
|
κενόν, |
πῶς
διοριοῦσι
τὸ
ἁπλῶς
βαρύ; |
[4, 2] |
φασι
κουφότατον,
ὅτι
πλεῖστον
ἔχει
|
κενόν. |
Συμβήσεται
οὖν
μικροῦ
πυρὸς
πολὺν |
[4, 5] |
ὅτι
τοδὶ
ἔχει,
οἷον
τὸ
|
κενόν, |
τὰ
δ´
ἄλλα
οὔ,
καὶ |
[4, 4] |
βαρὺ
λέγοντας
καὶ
διὰ
τὸ
|
κενὸν |
τὸ
κοῦφον.
(Συμβαίνει
δὴ
μὴ |
[4, 2] |
λόγον
τὸ
στερεὸν
πρὸς
τὸ
|
κενόν. |
Φέρεται
δέ
γε
θᾶττον
τὸ |
[4, 4] |
πλεῖον
ὁ
πεφυσημένος
ἀσκὸς
τοῦ
|
κενοῦ. |
Ὥστ´
εἴ
τι
ἀέρος
ἔχει |
[4, 2] |
πυρός.
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
κἂν
τῷ
|
κενῷ |
διορίσωσιν,
ἔσται
τι
κουφότερον
τοῦ |
[4, 2] |
δὲ
καὶ
τὸ
χώραν
τῷ
|
κενῷ |
ποιεῖν,
ὥσπερ
οὐκ
αὐτὸ
χώραν |
[4, 1] |
~ΠΕΡΙ
ΟΥΡΑΝΟΥ
Δ.
|
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ |
Α.
(Περὶ
δὲ
βαρέος
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
κάτω
φέρεται
θάτερον
φύσει
θᾶττον.
|
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ |
Β'
Τῶν
δὴ
πρότερον
ἐλθόντων |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
τοῦτον
λέγεται
τὸν
τρόπον.
|
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ |
Γ'
Ἡμεῖς
δὲ
λέγωμεν
πρῶτον |
[4, 4] |
αὑτοῦ
τόπον
τί
ἐστιν,
εἴρηται.
|
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ |
Δ'
Τὰς
δὲ
διαφορὰς
καὶ |
[4, 5] |
τὸ
νοσώδει
εἶναι
ἢ
ὑγιεινῷ.
|
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ |
Ε'
Τὸ
μὲν
οὖν
ἔχον |
[4, 6] |
τῷ
κάτω,
καθάπερ
εἴρηται
πολλάκις.
|
~ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ |
Τὰ
δὲ
σχήματα
οὐκ
αἴτια |
[4, 3] |
ἐπίσχον
μὴ
ᾖ,
φέρεται
εὐθύς.
|
Κινεῖ |
δὲ
τό
τε
ἐξ
ἀρχῆς |
[4, 3] |
ὅτι
οὐθὲν
τούτων
αὐτὸ
ἑαυτὸ
|
κινεῖ. |
Διὰ
τίνα
μὲν
οὖν
αἰτίαν |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
ὄντα
γῆν
καὶ
πῦρ
|
κινεῖσθαι |
εἰς
τοὺς
αὑτῶν
τόπους
μηδενὸς |
[4, 1] |
γὰρ
καὶ
κοῦφον
τῷ
δύνασθαι
|
κινεῖσθαι |
φυσικῶς
πως
λέγομεν.
(Ταῖς
δὲ |
[4, 2] |
γε
κενόν·
οὐ
γὰρ
αὐτὸ
|
κινεῖται |
μόνον,
ἀλλὰ
καὶ
τὸ
στερεόν. |
[4, 2] |
τινὰ
οὖσαν·
ἀναγκαῖον
δ´,
εἴπερ
|
κινεῖται |
τὸ
κενόν,
εἶναι
αὐτοῦ
τινα |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
νόσου
δεκτικόν,
ἐὰν
μὲν
|
κινηθῇ |
ᾗ
ὑγιαστόν,
εἰς
ὑγίειαν
φέρεται, |
[4, 3] |
Ἐπεὶ
γάρ
εἰσι
τρεῖς
αἱ
|
κινήσεις |
(ἡ
μὲν
κατὰ
μέγεθος,
ἡ |
[4, 3] |
ἐστί,
καὶ
γενέσει
ὑστάτη
τῶν
|
κινήσεων, |
ὥστε
πρώτη
ἂν
εἴη
κατὰ |
[4, 2] |
Πρὸς
δὲ
τούτοις
τί
τῆς
|
κινήσεως |
αἴτιον;
Οὐ
γὰρ
δὴ
τό |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
ἀδιαφόροις
ὑπὸ
τῆς
αὐτῆς
|
κινήσεως |
ἀνάγκη
τοῦτο
συμβαίνειν,
ὥσθ´
ὅπου |
[4, 1] |
περὶ
αὐτῶν
θεωρία
τοῖς
περὶ
|
κινήσεως |
λόγοις
οἰκεία·
βαρὺ
γὰρ
καὶ |
[4, 1] |
ἐν
ἑαυτοῖς
οἷον
ζώπυρ´
ἄττα
|
κινήσεως, |
πάντες
μὲν
χρῶνται
ταῖς
δυνάμεσιν |
[4, 3] |
μικρᾶς
γενομένης
ἐν
τοῖς
ἔξω
|
κινήσεως |
τὸ
μὲν
εἰς
ὑγίειαν
ἔρχεται, |
[4, 4] |
χώρας,
ἐν
ᾗ
ποιοῦνται
τὴν
|
κίνησιν· |
ἐναντίον
γὰρ
τὸ
μὲν
μέσον |
[4, 1] |
φυσικὴν
μὲν
εἶναι
πραγματείαν
περὶ
|
κίνησιν, |
ταῦτα
δ´
ἔχειν
ἐν
ἑαυτοῖς |
[4, 6] |
σοῦν,
λέγων
τὸν
σοῦν
τὴν
|
κίνησιν |
τῶν
ἄνω
φερομένων
σωμάτων.
Ἐπεὶ |
[4, 3] |
κατὰ
τὴν
οὐσίαν
αὕτη
ἡ
|
κίνησις. |
(Ὅταν
μὲν
οὖν
γίγνηται
ἐξ |
[4, 3] |
διὰ
τί
τὸ
ὑγιαστὸν
ἂν
|
κινῆται |
καὶ
μεταβάλλῃ
ᾗ
ὑγιαστόν,
εἰς |
[4, 3] |
ὑποληπτέον
καὶ
τὸ
κατὰ
τόπον
|
κινητικὸν |
καὶ
κινητὸν
οὐ
τὸ
τυχὸν |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
ἄνω
καὶ
τὸ
κάτω
|
κινητικὸν |
μὲν
τὸ
βαρυντικὸν
καὶ
τὸ |
[4, 3] |
μεταβολὴν
οὖσαν·
ὁμοίως
δὲ
οὐδὲ
|
κινητικὸν |
τὸ
τυχὸν
τοῦ
τυχόντος·
ἀλλ´ |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
βαρυντικὸν
καὶ
τὸ
κουφιστικόν,
|
κινητὸν |
δὲ
τὸ
δυνάμει
βαρὺ
καὶ |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
κατὰ
τόπον
κινητικὸν
καὶ
|
κινητὸν |
οὐ
τὸ
τυχὸν
εἶναι
τοῦ |
[4, 3] |
πέρας,
περιέχει
δὲ
πάντα
τὰ
|
κινούμενα |
ἄνω
καὶ
κάτω
τό
τε |
[4, 5] |
ὡς
μίαν
μὲν
ἁπάντων
τὴν
|
κοινήν, |
ἄλλως
τε
καὶ
εἰ
γίγνονται |
[4, 6] |
ψῆγμα
καὶ
ἄλλα
γεώδη
καὶ
|
κονιορτώδη |
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
ἀέρος.
Περὶ
δὴ |
[4, 3] |
καὶ
ἐν
τόπῳ
τὰ
μὲν
|
κοῦφα |
ἄνω,
τὰ
δὲ
βαρέα
κάτω. |
[4, 4] |
ταὐτὰ
βαρέα
δοκεῖν
εἶναι
καὶ
|
κοῦφα |
διὰ
τὴν
τῶν
πρώτων
διαφοράν· |
[4, 4] |
δ´
ἔλαττον,
ἔσται
τὰ
μὲν
|
κοῦφα |
τὰ
δὲ
βαρέα
τῶν
σωμάτων. |
[4, 2] |
σκοπεῖν
διὰ
τί
τὰ
μὲν
|
κοῦφα |
τὰ
δὲ
βαρέα
τῶν
σωμάτων, |
[4, 2] |
διὰ
τί
τὰ
μὲν
ἁπλῶς
|
κοῦφα |
τὰ
δὲ
βαρέα
τῶν
σωμάτων, |
[4, 2] |
ἔνιοι·
τὸ
γὰρ
κενὸν
ἐμπεριλαμβανόμενον
|
κουφίζειν |
τὰ
σώματά
φασι
καὶ
ποιεῖν |
[4, 3] |
μὲν
τὸ
βαρυντικὸν
καὶ
τὸ
|
κουφιστικόν, |
κινητὸν
δὲ
τὸ
δυνάμει
βαρὺ |
[4, 4] |
βάρος
καὶ
ἀφ´
οὗ
τοῖς
|
κούφοις, |
δῆλον
πολλαχόθεν.
Πρῶτον
μὲν
τῷ |
[4, 2] |
δὲ
ἀδύνατον·
τὸ
γὰρ
ἁπλῶς
|
κοῦφον |
ἀεὶ
κουφότερον
τῶν
ἐχόντων
βάρος |
[4, 4] |
τὸ
μὲν
βαρὺ
τὸ
δὲ
|
κοῦφον· |
ἀὴρ
μὲν
γὰρ
ὁπόσος
ἂν |
[4, 1] |
τὸ
βαρὺ
καὶ
τί
τὸ
|
κοῦφον, |
ἀλλὰ
τί
τὸ
βαρύτερον
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
τούτῳ
διώρισται
τὸ
βαρὺ
καὶ
|
κοῦφον. |
Ἄτοπον
δὲ
καὶ
εἰ
διὰ |
[4, 4] |
μὲν
ἁπλῶς
τὸ
πᾶσιν
ὑφιστάμενον,
|
κοῦφον |
δὲ
τὸ
πᾶσιν
ἐπιπολάζον.
Ἁπλῶς |
[4, 2] |
τὸ
δὲ
κουφότερον
οὐκ
ἀεὶ
|
κοῦφον |
διὰ
τὸ
λέγεσθαι
καὶ
ἐν |
[4, 4] |
καὶ
εὐλόγως
τὸ
βαρὺ
καὶ
|
κοῦφον |
δύο
ἐστίν·
καὶ
γὰρ
οἱ |
[4, 3] |
ὕδατος
ἀὴρ
καὶ
ἐκ
βαρέος
|
κοῦφον, |
ἔρχεται
εἰς
τὸ
ἄνω.
Ἅμα |
[4, 4] |
ἁπλῶς
μὲν
γὰρ
οὐδέτερον
τούτων
|
κοῦφον |
ἢ
βαρύ·
γῆς
μὲν
γὰρ |
[4, 5] |
μὲν
οὖν
ἔχον
τοιαύτην
ὕλην
|
κοῦφον |
καὶ
ἀεὶ
ἄνω,
τὸ
δὲ |
[4, 2] |
γὰρ
τὸ
μὲν
πῦρ
ἀεὶ
|
κοῦφον |
καὶ
ἄνω
φέρεται,
ἡ
δὲ |
[4, 4] |
Ὅτι
δ´
ἐστί
τι
ἁπλῶς
|
κοῦφον |
καὶ
ἁπλῶς
βαρύ,
ἐκ
τῶνδ´ |
[4, 1] |
τὸ
μέσον·
πρὸς
ἄλλο
δὲ
|
κοῦφον |
καὶ
κουφότερον,
ὅτε,
δυοῖν
ἐχόντων |
[4, 3] |
τὸ
ἄνω.
Ἅμα
δ´
ἐστὶ
|
κοῦφον, |
καὶ
οὐκέτι
γίνεται,
ἀλλ´
ἐκεῖ |
[4, 1] |
μέσον
κάτω.
Ἁπλῶς
μὲν
οὖν
|
κοῦφον |
λέγομεν
τὸ
ἄνω
φερόμενον
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
μήθ´
ἁπλῶς
εἶναι
μηθὲν
|
κοῦφον |
μήτε
φερόμενον
ἄνω,
ἀλλ´
ἢ |
[4, 4] |
ἐστὶ
φανερόν.
Λέγω
δ´
ἁπλῶς
|
κοῦφον |
ὃ
ἀεὶ
ἄνω
καὶ
βαρὺ |
[4, 4] |
τι
καὶ
ἄλλο
βαρὺ
καὶ
|
κοῦφον, |
οἷον
ὕδωρ
καὶ
ἀήρ.
Φαμὲν |
[4, 4] |
πλεῖον.
Ἄλλως
δὲ
βαρὺ
καὶ
|
κοῦφον, |
οἷς
ἀμφότερα
ὑπάρχει·
καὶ
γὰρ |
[4, 4] |
Ἔστι
δ´
ὁμοίως
καὶ
τὸ
|
κοῦφον. |
Ὁρῶμεν
γάρ,
καθάπερ
εἴρηται
πρότερον, |
[4, 5] |
φορὰ
οὐκέτι
ἔσται·
ὥστ´
ἢ
|
κοῦφον |
οὐδὲν
ἔσται
ἁπλῶς,
εἰ
πάντα |
[4, 4] |
καὶ
διὰ
τὸ
κενὸν
τὸ
|
κοῦφον. |
(Συμβαίνει
δὴ
μὴ
πανταχοῦ
ταὐτὰ |
[4, 3] |
δὲ
τὸ
βαρὺ
καὶ
τὸ
|
κοῦφον) |
τὰ
δ´
οὔ,
ἀλλ´
ἔξωθεν, |
[4, 3] |
δὲ
τὸ
δυνάμει
βαρὺ
καὶ
|
κοῦφον, |
τὸ
δ´
εἰς
τὸν
αὑτοῦ |
[4, 2] |
εἰπεῖν
διὰ
τί
τὸ
μὲν
|
κοῦφον, |
τὸ
δ´
ἔχει
βάρος,
ἔτι |
[4, 1] |
τὸ
μὲν
ἁπλῶς
βαρὺ
καὶ
|
κοῦφον, |
τὸ
δὲ
πρὸς
ἕτερον·
τῶν |
[4, 3] |
δὲ
τὸ
βαρὺ
καὶ
τὸ
|
κοῦφον |
τούτων
ἐν
ἑαυτοῖς
ἔχειν
φαίνεται |
[4, 1] |
λόγοις
οἰκεία·
βαρὺ
γὰρ
καὶ
|
κοῦφον |
τῷ
δύνασθαι
κινεῖσθαι
φυσικῶς
πως |
[4, 2] |
ἔσται
τὸ
ἁπλῶς
βαρὺ
καὶ
|
κοῦφον, |
ὥσπερ
τοῖς
ἐκ
τῶν
τριγώνων |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
τὸ
πῦρ
εἶναί
φασι
|
κουφότατον, |
ὅτι
πλεῖστον
ἔχει
κενόν.
Συμβήσεται |
[4, 2] |
διὰ
τίν´
αἰτίαν
βαρύτερα
καὶ
|
κουφότερα |
ἀλλήλων
καὶ
τῶν
ἁπλῶν
ἐστιν. |
[4, 4] |
βαρύ·
γῆς
μὲν
γὰρ
ἄμφω
|
κουφότερα |
(ἐπιπολάζει
γὰρ
αὐτῇ
τὸ
τυχὸν |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
σμικρότητι
ποιῶν
βαρύτερα
καὶ
|
κουφότερα |
θάτερα
τῶν
ἑτέρων,
κἂν
ἄλλον |
[4, 2] |
ποιεῖν
ἔστιν
ὅτε
τὰ
μείζω
|
κουφότερα· |
πλεῖον
γὰρ
ἔχειν
κενόν.
Διὰ |
[4, 2] |
ἔνια
μείζω
τὸν
ὄγκον
ὄντα
|
κουφότερα |
τῶν
ἐλαττόνων
εἶναι
σωμάτων
οὐδὲν |
[4, 4] |
μολίβδου
μναϊαίου,
ἐν
δὲ
ὕδατι
|
κουφότερον· |
αἴτιον
δ´
ὅτι
πάντα
βάρος |
[4, 2] |
κενὸν
ἔχειν
πλεῖον,
ἂν
ᾖ
|
κουφότερον, |
ἀλλὰ
καὶ
τὸ
στερεὸν
ἔλαττον· |
[4, 2] |
ἐκ
πλειόνων
τῶν
αὐτῶν
συνεστός,
|
κουφότερον |
δὲ
τὸ
ἐξ
ἐλαττόνων,
ὥσπερ |
[4, 2] |
τῆς
τοιαύτης
ἀναλογίας,
οὐκ
ἔσται
|
κουφότερον. |
Διὰ
γὰρ
τοῦτο
καὶ
τὸ |
[4, 2] |
πλεῖον
ἔχοντα
τὸ
κενὸν
εἶναι
|
κουφότερον, |
εἰ
μὴ
καὶ
στερεὸν
ἕξει |
[4, 4] |
ὕδατος,
ἐν
μὲν
ὕδατι
ἐνδέχεται
|
κουφότερον |
εἶναί
τινος,
ἐν
δὲ
ἀέρι |
[4, 2] |
μὲν
ἐλάσσω
ἔχον
τὰ
ὁμογενῆ
|
κουφότερον |
εἶναί
φασι,
τὸ
δὲ
πλείω |
[4, 1] |
ἀλλὰ
τί
τὸ
βαρύτερον
καὶ
|
κουφότερον |
ἐν
τοῖς
ἔχουσι
βάρος.
Μᾶλλον |
[4, 2] |
ὅσῳ
γὰρ
ἂν
ᾖ
πλεῖον,
|
κουφότερόν |
ἐστι
καὶ
ἄνω
φέρεται
θᾶττον. |
[4, 2] |
μᾶλλον
προελθοῦσιν.
Λέγουσι
γὰρ
τὸ
|
κουφότερον |
καὶ
βαρύτερον
οἱ
μὲν
ὥσπερ |
[4, 2] |
τοῖς
ἔχουσι
βάρος
ἕτερον
ἑτέρου
|
κουφότερον, |
οἷον
γῆς
ὕδωρ.
Ἀλλὰ
μὴν |
[4, 1] |
πρὸς
ἄλλο
δὲ
κοῦφον
καὶ
|
κουφότερον, |
ὅτε,
δυοῖν
ἐχόντων
βάρος
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
κάτω
φερομένων,
τὸ
δὲ
|
κουφότερον |
οὐκ
ἀεὶ
κοῦφον
διὰ
τὸ |
[4, 2] |
ἀμφοτέρων
ἐχόντων
βάρος
θάτερόν
ἐστι
|
(κουφότερον· |
οὕτω
δὲ
διελθόντες
οἴονται
διωρίσθαι |
[4, 2] |
διὸ
τὸ
μὲν
αὐτῶν
εἶναι
|
κουφότερον |
τὸ
δὲ
βαρύτερον,
ἔσται
τι |
[4, 1] |
βάρος
φαμὲν
τὸ
μὲν
εἶναι
|
κουφότερον, |
τὸ
δὲ
βαρύτερον,
οἷον
ξύλου |
[4, 2] |
τῷ
κενῷ
διορίσωσιν,
ἔσται
τι
|
κουφότερον |
τοῦ
ἁπλῶς
κούφου
καὶ
φερομένου |
[4, 2] |
τὸ
γὰρ
ἁπλῶς
κοῦφον
ἀεὶ
|
κουφότερον |
τῶν
ἐχόντων
βάρος
καὶ
κάτω |
[4, 2] |
καὶ
παντὸς
αἴτιον
εἶναι
τοῦ
|
κουφοτέρου |
τὸ
πλεῖον
ἐνυπάρχειν
κενόν.
(Λέγουσι |
[4, 5] |
(ἡ
δὲ
γῆ
ἐν
ἅπασιν)
|
κουφότητα |
δ´
οὐκ
ἔχει,
ἀλλ´
ἢ |
[4, 4] |
μὲν
ἔχει
βάρος
τὰ
δὲ
|
κουφότητα, |
δῆλον
ὅτι
τούτων
μὲν
αἰτία |
[4, 5] |
τῶν
ἐχόντων
καὶ
βάρος
καὶ
|
κουφότητα |
ἕκαστον
ἔχει
βάρος
(ἡ
δὲ |
[4, 5] |
ἀὴρ
καὶ
ὕδωρ
ἔχουσι
καὶ
|
κουφότητα |
καὶ
βάρος
ἑκάτερον,
καὶ
ὕδωρ |
[4, 4] |
ἔχει
βάρος,
οὐδὲ
ἡ
γῆ
|
κουφότητα |
οὐδεμίαν,
εἴπερ
ὑφίσταται
πᾶσι
καὶ |
[4, 4] |
βάρος
ἔχει
πλὴν
πυρὸς
καὶ
|
κουφότητα |
πλὴν
γῆς.
Γῆν
μὲν
οὖν |
[4, 5] |
χώρᾳ,
ὥσπερ
οὐδ´
ἡ
γῆ
|
κουφότητα. |
Φέρεται
δὲ
κάτω
τὰ
δύο |
[4, 2] |
τοῖς
περὶ
τῆς
τοῦ
πυρὸς
|
κουφότητος |
αἰτιωμένοις
τὸ
πολὺ
κενὸν
ἔχειν |
[4, 5] |
Ὁμοίως
δὲ
καὶ
ἐπὶ
τοῦ
|
κούφου, |
ἐὰν
ἐκεῖνο
ποιῇ
τις
ὑπερέχειν |
[4, 4] |
ὕλῃ
τῇ
τοῦ
βαρέος
καὶ
|
κούφου, |
ᾗ
μὲν
τοιοῦτον
δυνάμει,
βαρέος |
[4, 2] |
οὖν
τοῦτον
τὸν
τρόπον
περὶ
|
κούφου |
καὶ
βαρέος
διώρισαν·
τοῖς
δ´ |
[4, 2] |
οὐκ
εἴρηται
περὶ
τοῦ
ἁπλῶς
|
κούφου |
καὶ
βαρέος·
νῦν
γὰρ
τὸ |
[4, 2] |
διωρίσθαι
καὶ
περὶ
τοῦ
ἁπλῶς
|
κούφου |
καὶ
βαρέος·
ὁ
δὲ
λόγος |
[4, 2] |
εἶναι
κενὸν
οὐδὲν
διώρισαν
περὶ
|
κούφου |
καὶ
βαρέος,
οἷον
Ἀναξαγόρας
καὶ |
[4, 4] |
βαρέος
ὕλη,
ᾗ
δὲ
τοιοῦτον,
|
κούφου· |
καὶ
ἔστι
μὲν
ἡ
αὐτή, |
[4, 6] |
Περὶ
μὲν
οὖν
βαρέος
καὶ
|
κούφου |
καὶ
τῶν
περὶ
αὐτὰ
συμβεβηκότων |
[4, 3] |
δὲ
ταῦτα
περὶ
βαρέος
καὶ
|
κούφου |
καὶ
τῶν
συμβαινόντων
περὶ
αὐτὰ |
[4, 2] |
ἔσται
τι
κουφότερον
τοῦ
ἁπλῶς
|
κούφου |
καὶ
φερομένου
ἀεὶ
ἄνω
αὐτὸ |
[4, 1] |
Α.
(Περὶ
δὲ
βαρέος
καὶ
|
κούφου, |
τί
τ´
ἐστὶν
ἑκάτερον
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
μεταξὺ
τῶν
ἁπλῶς
βαρέων
καὶ
|
κούφων |
διὰ
τίν´
αἰτίαν
βαρύτερα
καὶ |
[4, 2] |
περὶ
τῶν
οὕτω
βαρέων
καὶ
|
κούφων |
εἰρήκασι
μόνον,
ὅσων
ἀμφοτέρων
ἐχόντων |
[4, 1] |
ἡμᾶς
ἡμισφαίριον,
ἐπεὶ
προσυπολαβόντες
καὶ
|
κύκλῳ |
τοιοῦτον,
καὶ
τὸ
μέσον
ὁμοίως |
[4, 5] |
τὸ
εἶναι
ἕτερον.
Οὐδὲν
γὰρ
|
κωλύει |
τῶν
ἐναντίων
εἶναι
μεταξὺ
καὶ |
[4, 4] |
ἀεὶ
κάτω
πέφυκε
φέρεσθαι
μὴ
|
κωλυόμενον· |
τοιαῦτα
γάρ
ἐστί
τινα,
καὶ |
[4, 4] |
φερόμενον,
ἐὰν
μή
τι
τύχῃ
|
κωλῦον |
ἕτερον,
γῆς
δὲ
κάτω·
τὸν |
[4, 3] |
γὰρ
ἡ
τροφή,
ὅταν
τὸ
|
κωλῦον, |
καὶ
τὸ
ὑγιαστόν,
ὅταν
τὸ |