[4,74] Τῶν τε παρασήμων, ἃ τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἀποδέδοται, πολλῶν ὄντων εἴ τινα λυπηρὰς ὄψεις καὶ ἐπιφθόνους τοῖς πολλοῖς παρέχεται, τὰ μὲν μειῶσαι, τὰ δ´ ἀφελεῖν ἡμᾶς οἴομαι δεῖν· τὰ σκῆπτρα ταυτὶ λέγω καὶ τοὺς χρυσοῦς στεφάνους καὶ τὰς ἁλουργεῖς καὶ χρυσοσήμους ἀμπεχόνας, πλὴν εἰ μὴ κατὰ καιρούς τινας ἑορταίους καὶ ἐν πομπαῖς θριάμβων, ὅτε αὐτὰ τιμῆς θεῶν ἕνεκα λήψονται· λυπήσει γὰρ οὐδέν´, ἐὰν γένηται σπάνια· θρόνον δὲ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐλεφάντινον, ἐν ᾧ καθεζόμενοι δικάσουσι, καὶ λευκὴν ἐσθῆτα περιπόρφυρον καὶ τοὺς προηγουμένους ἐν ταῖς ἐξόδοις δώδεκα πελέκεις καταλιπεῖν. ἔτι πρὸς τούτοις, ὃ πάντων οἴομαι τῶν εἰρημένων χρησιμώτατον ἔσεσθαι καὶ τοῦ μὴ πολλὰ ἐξαμαρτάνειν τοὺς παραληψομένους τὴν ἀρχὴν αἰτιώτατον, μὴ διὰ βίου τοὺς αὐτοὺς ἐᾶν ἄρχειν· χαλεπὴ γὰρ ἅπασιν ἀόριστος ἀρχὴ καὶ μηδεμίαν ἐξέτασιν διδοῦσα τῶν πραττομένων, ἐξ ἧς φύεται τυραννίς· ἀλλ´ εἰς ἐνιαύσιον χρόνον, ὡς παρ´ Ἀθηναίοις γίνεται, τὸ κράτος τῆς ἀρχῆς συνάγειν. τὸ γὰρ ἐν μέρει τὸν αὐτὸν ἄρχειν τε καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ πρὸ τοῦ διαφθαρῆναι τὴν διάνοιαν ἀφίστασθαι τῆς ἐξουσίας συστέλλει τὰς αὐθάδεις φύσεις καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ μεθύσκεσθαι ταῖς ἐξουσίαις τὰ ἤθη. ταῦθ´ ἡμῖν καταστησαμένοις ὑπάρξει τὰ μὲν ἀγαθὰ καρποῦσθαι τῆς βασιλικῆς πολιτείας, τῶν δὲ παρακολουθούντων αὐτῇ κακῶν ἀπηλλάχθαι. ἵνα δὲ καὶ τοὔνομα τῆς βασιλικῆς ἐξουσίας πάτριον ὑπάρχον ἡμῖν καὶ σὺν οἰωνοῖς αἰσίοις θεῶν ἐπικυρωσάντων παρεληλυθὸς εἰς τὴν πόλιν αὐτῆς ἕνεκα τῆς ὁσίας φυλάττηται, ἱερῶν ἀποδεικνύσθω τις ἀεὶ βασιλεύς, ὁ τὴν τιμὴν ταύτην ἕξων διὰ βίου, πάσης ἀπολελυμένος πολεμικῆς καὶ πολιτικῆς ἀσχολίας, ἓν τοῦτο μόνον ἔχων ἔργον ὥσπερ ὁ βασιλεύς, τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῶν θυηπολιῶν, ἄλλο δ´ οὐδέν.

[4,74] "And inasmuch as the insignia which have been granted to the kings are numerous, I believe that if any of these are grievous and invidious in the eyes of the multitude we ought to modify some of them and abolish others — I mean these sceptres and golden crowns, the purple and gold-embroidered robes — unless it be upon certain festal occasions and in triumphal processions, when the rulers will assume them in honour of the gods; for they will offend no one if they are seldom used. But I think we ought to leave to the men the ivory chair, in which they will sit in judgment, and also the white robe bordered with purple, together with the twelve axes to be carried before them when they appear in public. There is one thing more which in my opinion will be of greater advantage than all that I have mentioned and the most effectual means of preventing those who shall receive this magistracy from committing many errors, and that is, not to permit (p499) the same persons to hold office for life (for a magistracy unlimited in time and not obliged to give any account of its actions is grievous to all and productive of tyranny), but to limit the power of the magistracy to a year, as the Athenians do. For this principle, by which the same person both rules and is ruled in turn and surrenders his authority before his mind has been corrupted, restrains arrogant dispositions and does not permit men's natures to grow intoxicated with power. If we establish these regulations we should be able to enjoy all the benefits that flow from monarchy and at the same time to be rid of the evils that attend it. But to the end that the name, too, of the kingly power, which is traditional with us and made its way into our commonwealth with favourable auguries that manifested the approbation of the gods, may be preserved for form's sake, let there always be appointed a king of sacred rites, who shall enjoy the honour for life exempt from all military and civil duties and, like the "king" at Athens, exercising this single function, the superintendence of the sacrifices, and no other.