[4,16] Τιμησαμένων δὲ πάντων ἀναλαβὼν τὰ γραμματεῖα καὶ διαγνοὺς τό τε πλῆθος αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ μεγέθη τῶν βίων σοφώτατον ἁπάντων πολιτευμάτων εἰσηγήσατο καὶ μεγίστων Ῥωμαίοις ἀγαθῶν αἴτιον, ὡς τὰ ἔργα ἐδήλωσε. τὸ δὲ πολίτευμα τοιόνδε ἦν· μίαν ἀφεῖλεν ἐξ ἁπάντων μοῖραν, ἧς τὸ μέγιστον ἦν τίμημα τῆς οὐσίας οὐκ ἔλαττον ἑκατὸν μνῶν. τούτους δὲ συντάξας εἰς ὀγδοήκοντα λόχους ὅπλα φέρειν ἐπέταξεν ἀσπίδας Ἀργολικὰς καὶ δόρατα καὶ κράνη χάλκεα καὶ θώρακας καὶ κνημῖδας καὶ ξίφη. διελὼν δ´ αὐτοὺς διχῇ, τετταράκοντα μὲν ἐποίησε νεωτέρων λόχους, οἷς τὰς ὑπαιθρίους ἀπέδωκε στρατείας, τετταράκοντα δὲ πρεσβυτέρων, οὓς ἔδει τῆς νεότητος εἰς πόλεμον ἐξιούσης ὑπομένοντας ἐν τῇ πόλει τὰ ἐντὸς τείχους φυλάττειν. αὕτη πρώτη σύνταξις ἦν· χώραν δὲ κατεῖχεν ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις τὴν προαγωνιζομένην τῆς φάλαγγος ὅλης. ἔπειτ´ ἐκ τῶν ὑπολειπομένων ἑτέραν ἀφῄρει μοῖραν, οἷς ἦν ἐντὸς μὲν μυρίων δραχμῶν, οὐ μεῖον δὲ πέντε καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα μνῶν τὸ τίμημα. συντάξας δὲ τούτους εἰς εἴκοσι λόχους τὰ μὲν ἄλλα φορεῖν ὅπλα προσέταξεν, ὅσα τοὺς προτέρους, τοὺς δὲ θώρακας αὐτῶν ἀφεῖλε, καὶ ἀντὶ τῶν ἀσπίδων ἀνέδωκε θυρεούς. διελὼν δὲ καὶ τούτων τοὺς ὑπὲρ τετταράκοντα καὶ πέντε ἔτη γεγονότας ἀπὸ τῶν ἐχόντων τὴν στρατεύσιμον ἡλικίαν, δέκα μὲν ἐποίησε λόχους νεωτέρων, οὓς ἔδει προπολεμεῖν τῆς πόλεως, δέκα δὲ πρεσβυτέρων, οἷς ἀπέδωκε τειχοφυλακεῖν. αὕτη δευτέρα σύνταξις ἦν, ἐκοσμεῖτο δ´ ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι μετὰ τοὺς προμάχους. τὴν δὲ τρίτην ἐποίει σύνταξιν ἐκ τῶν ὑπολειπομένων, ὅσοι τίμησιν εἶχον ἐλάττονα μὲν τῶν ἑπτακισχιλίων καὶ πεντακοσίων δραχμῶν, οὐ μείονα δὲ μνῶν πεντήκοντα. τούτων δ´ ἐμείωσε τὸν ὁπλισμὸν οὐ μόνον τοῖς θώραξιν, ὥσπερ τῶν δευτέρων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῖς περικνημῖσι. συνέταξε δὲ καὶ τούτους εἰς εἴκοσι λόχους καὶ διεῖλε τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον τοῖς προτέροις καθ´ ἡλικίας, δέκα λόχους ἀποδοὺς τοῖς νεωτέροις καὶ δέκα τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις. χώρα δὲ καὶ στάσις ἦν τούτων τῶν λόχων ἐν ταῖς μάχαις ἡ μετὰ τοὺς ἐφεστῶτας τοῖς προμάχοις.

[4,16] After all had given in their valuations, Tullius took the registers and the size of their estates, introduced the wisest of all measures, and one which has been the source of the greatest advantages to the Romans, as the results have shown. The measure was this: He selected from the whole number of the citizens one part, consisting of those whose property was rated the highest and amounted to no less than one hundred minae. Of these he formed eighty centuries, whom he ordered to be armed with Argolic bucklers, with spears, brazen helmets, corslets, greaves and swords. Dividing these centuries into two groups, he made forty centuries of younger men, whom he appointed to take the (p323) field in time of war, and forty of older men, whose duty it was, when the youth went forth to war, to remain in the city and guard everything inside the walls. This was the first class; in wars it occupied a position in the forefront of the whole army. Next, from those who were left he took another part whose rating was under ten thousand drachmae but not less than seventy-five minae. Of these he formed twenty centuries and ordered them to wear the same armour as those of the first class, except that he took from them the corslets, and instead of the bucklers gave them shields. Here also he distinguished between those who were over forty-five years old and those who were of military age, constituting ten centuries of the younger men, whose duty it was to serve their country in the field, and ten of the older, to whom he committed the defence of the walls. This was the second class; in engagements they were drawn up behind those fighting in the front ranks. The third class he constituted out of those who were left, taking such as had a rating of less than seven thousand five hundred drachmae but not less than fifty minae. The armour of these he diminished not only by taking away the corslets, as from the second class, but also the greaves. He formed likewise twenty centuries of these, dividing them, like the former, according to their age and assigning ten centuries to the younger men and ten to the older. In battles the post and station of these centuries was in the third line from the front.