[9,41] Ἡ δ´ ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου διαμένουσα ἐν τῇ πόλει στάσις, ἣν οἱ δημόται πρὸς τοὺς πατρικίους ἐστασίαζον, ἀνίστατο πάλιν. ὁ δ´ ἐξεγείρων αὐτὴν δήμαρχος ἦν Πόπλιος Βολέρων, ὁ τῷ πρόσθεν ἐνιαυτῷ τοῖς περὶ Αἰμίλιόν τε καὶ Ἰούλιον ὑπάτοις ἀπειθήσας, ὅτ´ αὐτὸν ἀντὶ λοχαγοῦ στρατιώτην κατέγραφον, οὐ δι´ ἄλλο τι μᾶλλον ἀποδειχθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν πενήτων τοῦ δήμου προστάτης - γένος τε γὰρ ἐκ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων ἦν καὶ τεθραμμένος ἐν πολλῇ ταπεινότητι καὶ ἀπορίᾳ - ἀλλ´ ὅτι τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν ὑπάτων βασιλικὸν ἔχουσαν ἀξίωμα τέως πρῶτος ἔδοξεν ἰδιώτης ἀνὴρ ἀπειθείᾳ ταπεινῶσαι, καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον διὰ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις, ἃς ἐποιεῖτο μετιὼν τὴν ἀρχὴν κατὰ τῶν πατρικίων, ὡς ἀφαιρησόμενος αὐτῶν τὴν ἰσχύν. ὃς ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα ἐξεγένετο αὐτῷ λωφήσαντος τοῦ δαιμονίου χόλου τὰ πολιτικὰ πράττειν, συναγαγὼν τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν νόμον εἰσφέρει περὶ τῶν δημαρχικῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων, μετάγων αὐτὰ ἐκ τῆς φρατριακῆς ψηφοφορίας, ἣν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι καλοῦσιν κουριᾶτιν, ἐπὶ τὴν φυλετικήν. τίς δὲ τούτων διαφορὰ τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων, ἐγὼ σημανῶ. τὰς μὲν φρατριακὰς ψηφοφορίας ἔδει προβουλευσαμένης τῆς βουλῆς καὶ τοῦ πλήθους κατὰ φράτρας τὰς ψήφους ἐπενέγκαντος, καὶ μετ´ ἀμφότερα ταῦτα τῶν παρὰ τοῦ δαιμονίου σημείων τε καὶ οἰωνῶν μηδὲν ἐναντιωθέντων, τότε κυρίας εἶναι· τὰς δὲ φυλετικὰς μήτε προβουλεύματος γενομένου μήτε τῶν ἱερέων τε καὶ οἰωνοσκόπων ἐπιθεσπισάντων, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ τελεσθείσας ὑπὸ τῶν φυλετῶν τέλος ἔχειν. καὶ ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν τεττάρων δημάρχων οἱ συνεισφέροντες αὐτῷ δύο δήμαρχοι τὸν νόμον· οὓς προσεταιρισάμενος ἐλαττόνων ὄντων τῶν μὴ ταὐτὰ βουλομένων περιῆν. οἱ δ´ ὕπατοι καὶ ἡ βουλὴ καὶ πάντες οἱ πατρίκιοι κωλύειν ἐπεχείρουν τὸν νόμον· ἀφικόμενοί τε κατὰ πλῆθος εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν, ἐν ᾗ προεῖπον οἱ δήμαρχοι κυρώσειν τὸν νόμον ἡμέρᾳ, παντοδαποὺς διῆλθον λόγους, τῶν θ´ ὑπάτων καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτάτων ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ ἄλλου παντός, ὅτῳ βουλομένῳ ἦν, τὰς ἐνούσας ἐν τῷ νόμῳ διεξιόντος ἀτοπίας. ἀντιλεξάντων δὲ τῶν δημάρχων καὶ αὖθις τῶν ὑπάτων, καὶ μέχρι πολλοῦ τῆς ἁψιμαχίας τῶν λόγων ἐκμηκυνθείσης, ἐκείνην μὲν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν διέλυσεν εἰς νύκτα συγκλεισθεὶς ὁ χρόνος. προθέντων δὲ πάλιν τῶν δημάρχων εἰς τρίτην ἀγορὰν τὴν περὶ τοῦ νόμου διάγνωσιν, καὶ συνελθόντος ἔτι πλείονος εἰς αὐτὴν ὄχλου τὸ παραπλήσιον τῷ προτέρῳ συνέβη γενέσθαι πάθος. τοῦτο συνιδὼν ὁ Πόπλιος ἔγνω μήτε τοῖς ὑπάτοις ἐπιτρέπειν ἔτι τοῦ νόμου κατηγορεῖν μήτε πατρικίους ἐᾶν τῇ ψηφοφορίᾳ παρεῖναι· καθ´ ἑταιρείας γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι καὶ κατὰ συστροφὰς ἅμα τοῖς ἑαυτῶν πελάταις οὐκ ὀλίγοις οὖσι πολλὰ μέρη τῆς ἀγορᾶς κατεῖχον, ἐπικελεύοντές τε τοῖς κατηγοροῦσι τοῦ νόμου καὶ θορυβοῦντες τοὺς ἀπολογουμένους καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ πράττοντες, ἀκοσμίας τε καὶ βίας τῆς ἐν ταῖς ψήφοις ἐχομένης μηνύματα.

[9,41] But the sedition raised by the plebeians (p57) against the patricians, which had long continued in the city, was starting up again. The person who stirred it up was Volero Publius, one of the tribunes, the same man who the year before had disobeyed the consuls Aemilius and Julius when they would have listed him as a common soldier instead of a centurion. He was chosen by the poor as leader of the populace, not so much for any other reason — for he was not only of common birth, but had been brought up in great obscurity and want — but because he was regarded as the first person in private life who by his disobedience had humbled the consular power, which till then had been invested with the royal dignity, and still more by reason of the promises he had made, when he stood candidate for the tribunate against the patricians, to deprive them of their power. This man, as soon as it was possible for him to attend to public business, now that the divine anger had abated, called an assembly of the populace and proposed a law concerning the tribunician elections, transferring them from the assembly of the clans, called by the Romans the curiate assembly, to the tribal assembly. What the difference was between these assemblies I will now point out.In order that the voting in the curiate assembly might be valid it was necessary that the senate should pass a preliminary decree and that the plebeians should vote on it by curiae, and that (p59) after both these votes the heavenly signs and omens should offer no opposition; whereas, in the case of the voting of tribal assembly, neither the preliminary decree of the senate was necessary nor the sanction of the priests and augurs, but it was only necessary that it should be carried through and completed by the members of the tribes in a single day. Now of the other four tribunes there were two who joined with Volero in proposing this law; and by enlisting the co-operation of these two he carried the day, as those who were not of the same mind were in the minority. But the consuls, the senate, and all the patricians sought to prevent the law from passing; and coming to the Forum in great numbers on the day appointed by the tribunes for ratifying the law, they delivered all kinds of speeches, the consuls, the oldest senators and everyone else who so desired enumerating the absurdities inherent in the law. When the tribunes had argued on the other side and the consuls had spoken a second time and the verbal skirmishing had lasted a long while, that assembly at least was dispersed by the closing in of night-time. The tribunes having again appointed the third market-day for the consideration of the law and an even greater throng flocking to the Forum on that day, the same thing happened as before.Publius, perceiving this, resolved neither to permit the consuls to inveigh against the law again nor to allow patricians to be present at the voting. For the patricians in their partisan bands and in groups together with their clients, who were numerous, occupied many parts of the Forum, shouting encouragement to those who inveighed against the law and noisily interrupting those who defended it, and doing many other things (p61) that were indications of the disorder and violence that there would be in the voting.