[9,0] ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΥ ΑΛΙΚΑΡΝΑΣΕΩΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΚΗΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΛΟΓΟΣ ΕΝΑΤΟΣ.

[9,0] BOOK IX.

[9,1] Τῷ δὲ μετὰ τούτους ἔτει διαφορᾶς γενομένης τῷ δήμῳ πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν περὶ τῶν ἀποδειχθησομένων ὑπάτων· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἠξίουν ἀμφοτέρους ἐκ τῶν ἀριστοκρατικῶν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν προαγαγεῖν, ὁ δὲ δῆμος ἐκ τῶν ἑαυτῷ κεχαρισμένων· γνωσιμαχήσαντες {πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δῆμος} τέλος συνέπεισαν ἀλλήλους ἀφ´ ἑκάστης μερίδος ὕπατον αἱρεθῆναι· καὶ ἀποδείκνυται Καίσων μὲν Φάβιος τὸ δεύτερον ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς, ὁ τὸν Κάσσιον ἐπὶ τῇ τυραννίδι κρίνας, Σπόριος δὲ Φούριος ὑπὸ τῶν δημοτικῶν, ἐπὶ τῆς ἑβδομηκοστῆς καὶ πέμπτης ὀλυμπιάδος ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησι Καλλιάδου, καθ´ ὃν χρόνον ἐστράτευσε Ξέρξης ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα. ἄρτι δὲ παρειληφότων αὐτῶν τὴν ἀρχὴν Λατίνων τε πρέσβεις ἧκον ἐπὶ τὴν βουλὴν δεόμενοι πέμψαι σφίσι τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ὑπάτων μετὰ δυνάμεως, ὃς οὐκ ἐάσει προσωτέρω χωρεῖν τὴν Αἰκανῶν καταφρόνησιν, καὶ Τυρρηνία πᾶσα ἠγγέλλετο κεκινημένη καὶ οὐ διὰ μακροῦ χωρήσουσα εἰς πόλεμον. συνήχθη γὰρ εἰς κοινὴν ἐκκλησίαν τὸ ἔθνος, καὶ πολλὰ Οὐιεντανῶν δεηθέντων συνάρασθαι σφίσι τοῦ κατὰ Ῥωμαίων πολέμου, τέλος ἐξήνεγκεν ἐξεῖναι τοῖς βουλομένοις Τυρρηνῶν μετέχειν τῆς στρατείας· καὶ ἐγένετο χεὶρ ἀξιόμαχος ἡ τοῖς Οὐιεντανοῖς ἑκουσίως τοῦ πολέμου συναραμένη. ταῦτα μαθοῦσι τοῖς ἐν τέλει Ῥωμαίων ἔδοξε στρατιάς τε καταγράφειν καὶ τοὺς ὑπάτους ἀμφοτέρους ἐξιέναι, τὸν μὲν Αἰκανοῖς τε πολεμήσοντα καὶ Λατίνοις τιμωρὸν ἐσόμενον, τὸν δ´ ἐπὶ Τυρρηνίας ἄξοντα τὰς δυνάμεις. ἀντέπραττε δὲ πρὸς ταῦτα Σπόριος Ἰκίλιος τῶν δημάρχων εἷς· καὶ συνάγων εἰς ἐκκλησίαν τὸν δῆμον ὁσημέραι τὰς περὶ τῆς κληρουχίας ὑποσχέσεις ἀπῄτει παρὰ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ οὐδὲν ἔφη συγχωρήσειν οὔτε τῶν ἐπὶ πόλεμον οὔτε τῶν κατὰ πόλιν ὑπ´ αὐτῆς ψηφιζομένων ἐπιτελεσθῆναι, ἐὰν μὴ τοὺς δέκα ἄνδρας ἀποδείξωσι πρότερον ὁριστὰς τῆς δημοσίας χώρας, καὶ διέλωσι τὴν γῆν, ὡς ὑπέσχοντο τῷ δήμῳ. ἀπορουμένῃ δὲ τῇ βουλῇ καὶ ἀμηχανούσῃ, τί χρὴ ποιεῖν, Ἄππιος Κλαύδιος ὑποτίθεται σκοπεῖν, ὅπως διαστήσεται τὰ τῶν ἄλλων δημάρχων πρὸς αὐτόν, διδάσκων, ὅτι τὸν κωλύοντα καὶ ἐμποδὼν γινόμενον τοῖς δόγμασι τῆς βουλῆς ἱερὸν ὄντα καὶ νόμῳ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἔχοντα ταύτην ἄλλως οὐκ ἔστι παῦσαι τῆς δυναστείας, ἐὰν μή τις ἕτερος τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἴσης τιμῆς καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐξουσίαν ἐχόντων τἀναντία πράττῃ καί, οἷς ἂν ἐκεῖνος ἐμποδὼν γένηται, ταῦτα κωλύῃ. συνεβούλευέ τε τοῖς αὖθις παραληψομένοις τὴν ἀρχὴν ὑπάτοις τοῦτο πράττειν καὶ σκοπεῖν, ὅπως ἕξουσί τινας ἀεὶ τῶν δημάρχων οἰκείους σφίσι καὶ φίλους· μίαν εἶναι λέγων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀρχείου κατάλυσιν, ἐὰν στασιάζωσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους οἱ ἄνδρες.

[9,1] The following year, a dispute having arisen between the populace and the senate concerning the men who were to be elected consuls, the senators demanding that both men promoted to that magistracy should be of the aristocratic party and the populace demanding that they be chosen from among such as were agreeable to them, after an obstinate struggle they finally convinced each other that a consul should be chosen from each party. Thus Caeso Fabius, who had accused Cassius of aiming at a tyranny, was elected consul, for the second time, on the part of the senate, and Spurius Furius on the part of the populace, in the seventy-fifth Olympiad, Calliades being archon at Athens, at the time when Xerxes made his expedition against Greece. They had no sooner taken office than ambassadors of the (p289) Latins came to the senate asking them to send to them one of the consuls with an army to put a check to the insolence of the Aequians, and at the same time word was brought that all Tyrrhenia was aroused and would soon go to war. For that nation had been convened in a general assembly and at the urgent solicitation of the Veientes for aid in their war against the Romans had passed a decree that any of the Tyrrhenians who so desired might take part in the campaign; and it was a sufficiently strong body of men that voluntarily aided the Veientes in the war. Upon learning of this the authorities in Rome resolved to raise armies and also that both consuls should take the field, one to make war on the Aequians and to aid the Latins, and the other to march with his forces against Tyrrhenia. All this was opposed by Spurius Icilius, one of the tribunes, who, assembling the populace every day, demanded of the senate the performance of its promises relating to the allotment of land and said that he would allow none of their decrees, whether they concerned military or civil affairs, to take effect unless they should first appoint the decemvir so fix the boundaries of the public land and divide it among the people as they had promised. When the senate was at a loss and did not know what to do, Appius Claudius suggested that they should consider how the other tribunes might be brought to dissent from Icilius, pointing out that there is no other method of putting an end to the power of a tribune who opposes and obstructs the decrees of the (p291) senate, since his person is sacred and this authority of his legal, than for another of the men of equal rank and possessing the same power to oppose him and to order to be done what the other tries to obstruct. And he advised all succeeding consuls to do this and to consider how they might always have some of the tribunes well disposed and friendly to them, saying that only method of destroying the power of the college was to sow dissension among its members.