[13,30] εἰ δὲ μή, ἕξω λέγειν ὅτι εἰσὶν οἱ λόγοι οὗτοι ἀνδρὸς ὃν οἵ τε Ἕλληνες ἐθαύμασαν ἅπαντες ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ καὶ δὴ καὶ ὁ Ἀπόλλων σοφὸν αὐτὸν ἡγήσατο. καὶ Ἀρχέλαος Μακεδόνων βασιλεύς, πολλὰ εἰδὼς καὶ πολλοῖς συγγεγονὼς τῶν σοφῶν, ἐκάλει αὐτὸν ἐπὶ δώροις καὶ μισθοῖς, ὅπως ἀκούοι αὐτοῦ διαλεγομένου τοὺς λόγους (31) τούτους. οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐγὼ ἐπειρώμην διαλέγεσθαι Ῥωμαίοις, ἐπειδή με ἐκάλεσαν καὶ λέγειν ἠξίουν, οὐ κατὰ δύο καὶ τρεῖς ἀπολαμβάνων ἐν παλαίστραις καὶ περιπάτοις· οὐ γὰρ ἦν δυνατὸν οὕτως ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ πόλει συγγίγνεσθαι· πολλοῖς δὲ καὶ ἀθρόοις εἰς ταὐτὸ συνιοῦσιν, ὅτι δέονται παιδείας κρείττονος καὶ ἐπιμελεστέρας, εἰ μέλλουσιν εὐδαίμονες ἔσεσθαι τῷ ὄντι κατ´ ἀλήθειαν, ἀλλὰ μὴ δόξῃ τῶν πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὥσπερ νῦν, ἥτις αὐτοὺς μεταπείσει καὶ διδάξει {παραλαβὼν} ὅτι τούτων μὲν οὐδέν ἐστιν ἀγαθόν, ὑπὲρ ὧν σπουδάζουσι καὶ πάσῃ προθυμίᾳ κτῶνται, καὶ νομίζουσιν, ὅσῳ ἂν πλείω κτήσωνται, τοσούτῳ ἄμεινον βιώσεσθαι καὶ μακαριώτερον· (32) σωφροσύνην δὲ καὶ ἀνδρείαν καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐάνπερ ἐκμελετήσωσι καὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἀναλάβωσι, διδασκάλους ποθὲν τούτων εὑρόντες καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ἀμελήσαντες, εἴτε Ἕλληνας εἴτε Ῥωμαίους εἴτε τις παρὰ Σκύθαις ἢ παρ´ Ἰνδοῖς ἀνήρ ἐστι διδάσκαλος ὧν εἶπον, ὥσπερ οἶμαι τοξικῆς τε καὶ ἱππικῆς ἢ νὴ Δία ἰατρός τις θεραπεύειν ἐπιστάμενος τὰ νοσήματα τοῦ σώματος, οὕτως ἱκανὸς ὢν ἰᾶσθαι· τὰς τῆς ψυχῆς νόσους, ὅστις ἀκολασίας καὶ πλεονεξίας καὶ τῶν τοιούτων ἀρρωστημάτων δυνήσεται ἀπαλλάξαι τοὺς ὑπ´ αὐτῶν (33) κρατουμένους, τοῦτον παραλαβόντας καὶ ἀγαγόντας, λόγῳ πείσαντας ἢ φιλίᾳ· χρήμασι μὲν γὰρ οὐ δυνατὸν ἄνδρα πεισθῆναι τοιοῦτον οὐδὲ ἄλλοις δώροις· καταστήσαντας δὲ εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν νόμῳ προαγορεῦσαι τοὺς νέους ἅπαντας φοιτᾶν παρ´ αὐτὸν καὶ συνεῖναι, καὶ μηδὲν ἧττον τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, ἕως ἂν ἅπαντες σοφοὶ γενόμενοι καὶ δικαιοσύνης ἐρασθέντες, καταφρονήσαντες χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου καὶ ἐλέφαντος καὶ ὄψου δὴ καὶ μύρου καὶ ἀφροδισίων, εὐδαίμονες οἰκῶσι καὶ ἄρχοντες μάλιστα καὶ πρῶτον αὑτῶν, ἔπειτα (34) καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων· τότε γάρ, ἔφην, ἔσται ὑμῶν ἡ πόλις μεγάλη καὶ ἰσχυρὰ καὶ ἄρχουσα κατ´ ἀλήθειαν· ὡς τό γε νῦν τὸ μέγεθος αὐτῆς ὕποπτον καὶ οὐ πάνυ ἀσφαλές. ὅσῳ γὰρ ἄν, ἔφην, πλείων ἥ τε ἀνδρεία καὶ ἡ δικαιοσύνη καὶ ἡ σωφροσύνη γίγνηται παρ´ ὑμῖν, τοσούτῳ ἔλαττον ἔσται τό τε ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὰ ἐλεφάντινα σκεύη καὶ τὰ ἠλέκτρινα καὶ κρύσταλλος καὶ θύον καὶ ἔβενος καὶ ὁ τῶν γυναικῶν κόσμος καὶ τὰ ποικίλματα καὶ αἱ βαφαὶ καὶ ξύμπαντα ἁπλῶς τὰ νῦν ἐν τῇ πόλει τίμια καὶ περιμάχητα, ἐλαττόνων αὐτῶν δεήσεσθε·

[13,30] But if they do, I shall be able to say that those words were spoken by a man whom the Greeks one and all admired for his wisdom, and what is more, whom Apollo actually considered the wisest man in the world, while Archelaus, the king of Macedonia, who knew a great deal and had consorted with many wise men, tried to get him to come to Macedonia, offering him gifts and fees that he might have the privilege of hearing him say such things." (31) And thus it came about that I too endeavoured to talk to the Romans when they had summoned me and invited me to speak, but I did not take them by twos and threes in wrestling-schools and cloistered walks; for it was not possible to meet them thus in that city; but when a great number had gathered in one place, I would tell them that they needed a better and more carefully planned education, if they were ever to be happy in truth and reality and not merely in the opinion of the majority, as was now the case ; that if anyone should win them to this view and take them in charge and teach them that not a single one of those things is a good to which they devoted themselves and which they strove with all their zeal to acquire, in the belief that, the more they acquired, the better and happier their life would be ; but that if they wholeheartedly practised temperance, manliness, and justice, and took them into their souls, securing from somewhere teachers who taught these things and all the other things too, not caring whether the men were Greeks or Romans, or, for that matter, if there is among the Scythians or the Indians a man who teaches the things of which I have spoken—not, as I think, archery and horsemanship, but far better, if there were a physician who, knowing how to treat the infirmities of the body, is in that way competent to heal the maladies of the soul—a teacher, I mean, who would be able to rid of licentiousness and covetousness and all such infirmities those who were dominated by them—of that man, I say, they should take possession and lead him to their homes, inducing him to come either by argument or by friendship—for by money such a man cannot be induced nor by any other gifts—and after establishing him on their acropolis they ought to issue an edict bidding all the young men to resort to him regularly and associate with him, and equally the older men too, until all of them, having become enamoured of righteousness, and having learned to despise gold and silver and ivory, yea, and rich food too and perfume and the lust of the flesh, should thereafter live happy lives, and be masters first and foremost of themselves and afterwards of all other men as well. "For only then," I continued, "will your city be great and strong and truly imperial, since at present its greatness arouses distrust and is not very secure. For," said I, "in proportion as courage, justice, and temperance increase among you, in that degree there will be less silver and gold and furniture of ivory and of amber, less of crystal and citron-wood and ebony and women's adornments and embroideries and dyes of many hues ; in short, all the things which are now considered in your city precious and worth fighting for, you will need in smaller quantities,