[11,130] ἄξιον δὲ κἀκεῖνο ἐνθυμηθῆναι πρὸς τοῖς ὁμολογουμένοις. ὁμολογοῦσι γὰρ ἅπαντες τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας ἀναχθῆναι χειμῶνος ἤδη, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀπολέσθαι τὸ πλέον τοῦ στόλου περὶ τὴν Εὔβοιαν· ἔτι δὲ μὴ κατὰ ταὐτὸ πλεῖν ἅπαντας, ἀλλὰ στασιάσαι τὸ στράτευμα καὶ τοὺς Ἀτρείδας, καὶ τοὺς μὲν Ἀγαμέμνονι, τοὺς δὲ Μενελάῳ προσθέσθαι, τοὺς δὲ καθ´ αὑτοὺς ἀπελθεῖν, ὧν καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ μέμνηται. τοὺς μὲν γὰρ εὖ πράττοντας ὁμονοεῖν εἰκὸς καὶ τῷ βασιλεῖ τὸ πλεῖστον ὑποτάττεσθαι, καὶ τὸν Μενέλαον μὴ διαφέρεσθαι πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν παραχρῆμα τῆς εὐερ– γεσίας· τοῖς δὲ ἡττημένοις καὶ κακῶς πράττουσιν ἅπαντα ταῦτα ἀνάγκη συμβαίνειν. (131) ἔτι δὲ τοὺς μὲν φοβουμένους καὶ φεύγοντας ἐκ τῆς πολεμίας ἀπιέναι τὴν ταχίστην· {τοὺς δὲ νικῶντας καὶ διακινδυνεύειν μένοντας·} τοὺς δὲ κρατοῦντας καὶ πρὸς τοῖς αὑτῶν ἔχοντας τοσοῦτον πλῆθος αἰχμαλώτων καὶ χρημάτων περιμένειν τὴν ἀσφαλεστάτην ὥραν, ἅτε καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς γῆς κρατοῦντας καὶ πολλὴν ἁπάντων ἀφθονίαν ἔχοντας, ἀλλὰ μὴ δέκα ἔτη περιμείναντας διαφθαρῆναι παρ´ ὀλίγον. αἵ τε οἴκοι συμφοραὶ καταλαβοῦσαι τοὺς ἀφικομένους οὐχ ἥκιστα δηλοῦσι τὸ πταῖσμα καὶ τὴν ἀσθένειαν αὐτῶν· (132) οὐ πάνυ γὰρ εἰώθασιν ἐπιτίθεσθαι τοῖς νικῶσιν οὐδὲ τοῖς εὐτυχοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ τούτους μὲν θαυμάζουσι καὶ φοβοῦνται, τῶν δὲ ἀποτυχόντων καταφρονοῦσιν οἵ τε ἔξωθεν καί τινες τῶν ἀναγκαίων. φαίνεται δὲ Ἀγαμέμνων ὑπὸ τῆς γυναικὸς ὑπεροφθεὶς διὰ τὴν ἧτταν, ὅ τε Αἴγισθος ἐπιθέμενος αὐτῷ καὶ κρατήσας ῥᾳδίως, οἵ τε Ἀργεῖοι καταλαβόντες τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ τὸν Αἴγισθον βασιλέα ἀποδείξαντες, οὐκ ἂν εἰ μετὰ τοσαύτης δόξης καὶ δυνάμεως ἀφικόμενον τὸν Ἀγαμέμνονα ἀπέκτεινε, κρατήσαντα τῆς Ἀσίας. (133) ὅ τε Διομήδης ἐξέπεσεν οἴκοθεν, οὐθενὸς ἔλαττον εὐδοκιμῶν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ, καὶ Νεοπτόλεμος εἴτε ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων εἴτε ὑπὸ ἄλλων τινῶν· μετ´ οὐ πολὺ δὲ καὶ πάντες ἐξέπεσον ἐκ τῆς Πελοποννήσου, καὶ κατελύθη τὸ τῶν Πελοπιδῶν γένος δι´ ἐκείνην τὴν ξυμφοράν, οἱ δ´ Ἡρακλεῖδαι, πρότερον ἀσθενεῖς ὄντες καὶ ἀτιμαζόμενοι, κατῆλθον μετὰ Δωριέων. (134) Ὀδυσσεὺς δὲ ἐβράδυνεν ἑκών, τὰ μὲν αἰσχυνόμενος, τὰ δ´ ὑποπτεύων τὰ πράγματα. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐπὶ μνηστείαν ἐτράπησαν τῆς Πηνελόπης καὶ τῶν κτημάτων ἁρπαγὴν ἡ τῶν Κεφαλλήνων νεότης. καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐβοήθει τῶν φίλων τῶν Ὀδυσσέως οὐδὲ Νέστωρ οὕτως ἐγγύθεν. ἅπαντες γὰρ ἦσαν ταπεινοὶ καὶ φαύλως ἔπραττον οἱ τῆς στρατείας μετασχόντες. τοὐναντίον δὲ ἐχρῆν δεινοὺς ἅπασι φαίνεσθαι τοὺς νενικηκότας καὶ μηδένα αὐτοῖς ἐπιχειρεῖν.

[11,130] The following also is worth thinking about along with what has been said above. Everybody is agreed that the stormy season had already set in when the Achaeans sailed from Asia and that for this reason the greater part of their expedition came to grief off Euboea; further, that they did not all take the same course, since a division arose in the army and between the Atridae, some joining Agamemnon, others Menelaus, while yet others, whom Homer mentions in the Odyssey, departed by themselves. For it is reasonable to suppose that if things were going well, there would have been unanimity and the fullest obedience to the king, and that Menelaus would not have quarrelled with his brother just after receiving the great favour from him ; but in defeat and failure all such things are sure to happen. Be it noted also that when an army is in fear and flight, it retires with the greatest speed from the enemy's country and takes no chances by remaining, while a victorious army that has added to its own resources a great number of prisoners and great supplies awaits the safest moment for withdrawing, since it both controls the country itself and has a great abundance of everything, but would not, after waiting ten years, have corne within a little of being wholly destroyed. The domestic disasters also which befell those who reached their homes are not the least evidence of their discomfiture and weakness. It is certainly not the rule for attacks to be made on men who are victorious and successful. Such men are feared and admired. The unsuccessful, however, are held in contempt by outsiders and even by some of their own kinsfolk. It was undoubtedly because of his defeat that Agamemnon was despised by his wife, that Aegisthus attacked and easily overcame him, and that the Argives took the matter into their own hands and made Aegisthus king. They would not have done it had he slain an Agamemnon who had returned with all his glory and power after conquering Asia. Diomede too, who won a reputation second to no one in the war, was exiled from his home, and so was Neoptolemus, whether by Hellenes or by certain others. Then soon after they were all driven from the Peloponnese and the family of the Pelopidae came to an end because of this calamity, while the Heraclidae, hitherto a weak and despised family, came in with Dorians. (134) Odysseus, however, delayed voluntarily, in part because he was ashamed, and in part because he suspected the situation ; and on account of this, the youth of Cephallenia set themselves to court Penelope and seize his property, while of Odysseus' friends not one came to his aid, not even Nestor though so near. For all who had taken part in the expedition were humbled and in poor circumstances; whereas, had they conquered, they would necessarily have inspired fear in all and no one would have attacked them.