[4,44] Καὶ οὐκ ἀπέχρη ταῦτα μόνον εἰς τοὺς δημοτικοὺς αὐτῷ παρανομεῖν, ἀλλ´ ἐπιλέξας ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους, ὅσον ἦν πιστὸν ἑαυτῷ καὶ εἰς τὰς πολεμικὰς χρείας ἐπιτήδειον, τὸ λοιπὸν ἠνάγκασεν ἐργάζεσθαι τὰς κατὰ πόλιν ἐργασίας, μέγιστον οἰόμενος εἶναι κίνδυνον τοῖς μονάρχοις, ὅταν οἱ πονηρότατοι τῶν πολιτῶν καὶ ἀπορώτατοι σχολὴν ἄγωσι, καὶ ἅμα προθυμίαν ἔχων ἐπὶ τῆς ἰδίας ἀρχῆς τὰ καταλειφθέντα ἡμίεργα ὑπὸ τοῦ πάππου τελειῶσαι, τὰς μὲν ἐξαγωγίμους τῶν ὑδάτων τάφρους, ἃς ἐκεῖνος ὀρύττειν ἤρξατο, μέχρι τοῦ ποταμοῦ καταγαγεῖν, τὸν δ´ ἀμφιθέατρον ἱππόδρομον οὐδὲν ἔξω τῶν κρηπίδων ἔχοντα παστάσιν ὑποστέγοις περιλαβεῖν· {εἰς} ταῦτα δὴ πάντες οἱ πένητες εἰργάζοντο σῖτα παρ´ αὐτοῦ μέτρια λαμβάνοντες· οἱ μὲν λατομοῦντες, οἱ δ´ ὑλοτομοῦντες, οἱ δὲ τὰς κομιζούσας ταῦθ´ ἁμάξας ἄγοντες, οἱ δ´ ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων αὐτοὶ τὰ ἄχθη φέροντες· μεταλλεύοντές τε τὰς ὑπονόμους σήραγγας ἕτεροι καὶ πλάττοντες τὰς ἐν αὐταῖς καμάρας καὶ τὰς παστάδας ἐγείροντες, καὶ τοῖς ταῦτα πράττουσι χειροτέχναις ὑπηρετοῦντες χαλκοτύποι τε καὶ τέκτονες καὶ λιθουργοὶ τῶν ἰδιωτικῶν ἔργων ἀφεστῶτες ἐπὶ ταῖς δημοσίαις κατείχοντο χρείαις. περὶ ταῦτα δὴ τὰ ἔργα τριβόμενος ὁ λεὼς οὐδεμίαν ἀνάπαυσιν ἐλάμβανεν· ὥσθ´ οἱ πατρίκιοι τὰ τούτων κακὰ καὶ τὰς λατρείας ὁρῶντες ἔχαιρόν τ´ ἐν μέρει καὶ τῶν ἰδίων ἐπελανθάνοντο ἀλγεινῶν· κωλύειν μὲν γὰρ οὐδέτεροι τὰ γινόμενα ἐπεχείρουν.

[4,44] Nor was he satisfied merely with these illegal vexations of the plebeians, but, after selecting from among them such as were loyal to himself and fit for war, he compelled the rest to labour on the public works in the city; for he believed that monarchs are exposed to the greatest danger when the worst (p417) and the most needy of the citizens live in idleness, and at the same time he was eager to complete during his own reign the works his grandfather had left half finished, namely, to extend to the river the drainage canals which the other had begun to dig and also to surround the Circus, which had been carried up no higher than the foundations, with covered porticos. At these undertakings all the poor laboured, receiving from him but a moderate allowance of grain. Some of them were employed in quarrying stone, others in hewing timber, some in driving the wagons that transported these materials, and others in carrying the burdens themselves upon their shoulders, still others in digging the subterranean drains and constructing the arches over them and in erecting the porticos and serving the various artisans who were thus employed; and smiths, carpenters and masons were taken from their private undertakings and kept at work in the service of the public. Thus the people, being worn out by these works, had no rest; so that the patricians, seeing their hardships and servitude, rejoiced in their turn and forgot their own miseries. Yet neither of them attempted to put a stop to these proceedings.