[3,0] ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΥ ΑΛΙΚΑΡΝΑΣΕΩΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΚΗΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΛΟΓΟΣ ΤΡΙΤΟΣ.

[3,0] BOOK III.

[3,1] Τελευτήσαντος δὲ Πομπιλίου γενομένη πάλιν ἡ βουλὴ τῶν κοινῶν κυρία μένειν ἔγνω ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς πολιτείας, οὐδὲ τοῦ δήμου γνώμην λαβόντος ἑτέραν, καὶ καθίστησιν ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοὺς ἄρξοντας τὴν μεσοβασίλειον ἀρχὴν εἰς ὡρισμένον τινὰ ἡμερῶν ἀριθμόν, ὑφ´ ὧν ἀποδείκνυται βασιλεύς, ὃν ἅπας ὁ δῆμος ἠξίου, Τύλλος Ὁστίλιος γένους ὢν τοιοῦδε· ἐκ πόλεως Μεδυλλίας, ἣν Ἀλβανοὶ μὲν ἔκτισαν, Ῥωμύλος δὲ κατὰ συνθήκας παραλαβὼν Ῥωμαίων ἐποίησεν ἀποικίαν, ἀνὴρ εὐγενὴς καὶ χρήμασι δυνατὸς Ὁστίλιος ὄνομα μετενεγκάμενος εἰς Ῥώμην τὸν βίον ἄγεται γυναῖκα ἐκ τοῦ Σαβίνων γένους Ἑρσιλίου θυγατέρα τὴν ὑφηγησαμένην ταῖς ὁμοεθνέσι πρεσβεῦσαι πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀνδρῶν, ὅτε Σαβῖνοι Ῥωμαίοις ἐπολέμουν, καὶ τοῦ συνελθεῖν εἰς φιλίαν τοὺς ἡγεμόνας αἰτιωτάτην γενέσθαι δοκοῦσαν. οὗτος ὁ ἀνὴρ πολλοὺς συνδιενέγκας Ῥωμύλῳ πολέμους καὶ μεγάλα ἔργα ἀποδειξάμενος ἐν ταῖς πρὸς Σαβίνους μάχαις, ἀποθνήσκει καταλιπὼν παιδίον μονογενὲς καὶ θάπτεται πρὸς τῶν βασιλέων ἐν τῷ κρατίστῳ τῆς ἀγορᾶς τόπῳ στήλης ἐπιγραφῇ τὴν ἀρετὴν μαρτυρούσης ἀξιωθείς. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ μονογενοῦς παιδὸς εἰς ἄνδρας ἀφικομένου καὶ γάμον ἐπιφανῆ λαβόντος υἱὸς γίνεται Τύλλος Ὁστίλιος ἀνὴρ δραστήριος, ὃς ἀπεδείχθη βασιλεὺς ψήφῳ τε πολιτικῇ διενεχθείσῃ περὶ αὐτοῦ κατὰ νόμους καὶ τοῦ δαιμονίου δι´ οἰωνῶν αἰσίων ἐπικυρώσαντος τὰ δόξαντα τῷ δήμῳ. ἔτος δὲ ἦν ἐν ᾧ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν παρέλαβεν ὁ δεύτερος ἐνιαυτὸς τῆς ἑβδόμης καὶ εἰκοστῆς ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Εὐρυβάτης Ἀθηναῖος ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησι Λεωστράτου. οὗτος ἔργον ἁπάντων μεγαλοπρεπέστατον ἀποδειξάμενος αὐτὸς εὐθὺς ἅμα τῷ παραλαβεῖν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἅπαν τὸ θητικὸν τοῦ δήμου καὶ ἄπορον οἰκεῖον ἔσχεν. ἦν δὲ τοιόνδε· χώραν εἶχον ἐξαίρετον οἱ πρὸ αὐτοῦ βασιλεῖς πολλὴν καὶ ἀγαθήν, ἐξ ἧς ἀναιρούμενοι τὰς προσόδους ἱερά τε θεοῖς ἐπετέλουν καὶ τὰς εἰς τὸν ἴδιον βίον ἀφθόνους εἶχον εὐπορίας, ἣν ἐκτήσατο μὲν Ῥωμύλος πολέμῳ τοὺς τότε κατασχόντας ἀφελόμενος, ἐκείνου δὲ ἄπαιδος ἀποθανόντος Πομπίλιος Νόμας ὁ μετ´ ἐκεῖνον βασιλεύσας ἐκαρποῦτο· ἦν δὲ οὐκέτι δημοσία κτῆσις, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἀεὶ βασιλέων κλῆρος. ταύτην ὁ Τύλλος ἐπέτρεψε τοῖς μηδένα κλῆρον ἔχουσι Ῥωμαίων κατ´ ἄνδρα διανείμασθαι, τὴν πατρῴαν αὑτῷ κτῆσιν ἀρκοῦσαν ἀποφαίνων εἴς τε τὰ ἱερὰ καὶ τὰς τοῦ βίου δαπάνας. ταύτῃ δὲ τῇ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοὺς ἀπόρους τῶν πολιτῶν ἀνέλαβε παύσας λατρεύοντας ἐν τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις· ἵνα δὲ μηδὲ οἰκίας ἄμοιρος εἴη τις προσετείχισε τῇ πόλει τὸν καλούμενον Καίλιον λόφον, ἔνθα ὅσοι Ῥωμαίων ἦσαν ἀνέστιοι λαχόντες τοῦ χωρίου τὸ ἀρκοῦν κατεσκευάσαντ´ οἰκίας, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ τὴν οἴκησιν εἶχεν. πολιτικὰ μὲν δὴ ταῦτα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἔργα παραδίδοται λόγου ἄξια·

[3,1] After the death of Numa Pompilius the senate, being once more in full control of the commonwealth, resolved to abide by the same form of government, and as the people did not adopt any contrary opinion, they appointed some of the older senators to govern as interreges for a definite number of days. These men, pursuant to the unanimous desire of the people, chose as king Tullus Hostilius, whose descent was as follows. From Medullia, a city which had been built by the Albans and made a Roman colony by Romulus after he had taken it by capitulation, a man of distinguished birth and great fortune, named Hostilius, had removed to Rome and married a woman of the Sabine race, the daughter of Hersilius, the same woman who had advised her country-women to go as envoys to their fathers on behalf of their husbands at the time when the Sabines were making war against the Romans, and was regarded as the person chiefly responsible for the alliance then concluded by the leaders of (p5) the two nations. This man, after taking part with Romulus in many wars and performing mighty deeds in the battles with the Sabines, died, leaving an only son, a young child at the time, and was buried by the kings in the principal part of the Forum and honoured with a monument and an inscription testifying to his valour. His only son, having come to manhood and married a woman of distinction, had by her Tullius Hostilius, a man of action, the same who was now chosen king by a vote passed by the citizens concerning him according to the laws; and the decision of the people was confirmed by favourable omens from Heaven. The year in which he assumed the sovereignty was the second of the twenty-seventh Olympiad,4 the one in which Eurybates, an Athenian, won the prize in the foot-race, Leostratus being archon at Athens. Tullus, immediately upon his accession, gained the hearts of all the labouring class and of the needy among the populace by performing an act of the most splendid kind. It was this: The kings before him had possessed much fertile land, especially reserved for them, from the revenues of which they not only offered sacrifices to the gods, but also had abundant provision for their private needs. This land Romulus had acquired in war by dispossessing the former owners, and when he died childless, Numa Pompilius, his successor, had enjoyed its use; it was no longer the property of the state, but the inherited possession of the successive kings. Tullus now permitted this land to be divided equally among (p7) such of the Romans as had no allotment, declaring that his own patrimony was sufficient both for the sacrifices and for his personal expenditures. By this act of humanity he relieved the poor among the citizens by freeing them from the necessity of labouring as serfs on the estates of others. And, to the end that none might lack a habitation either, he included within the city wall the hill called the Caelian, where those Romans who were unprovided with dwellings were allotted a sufficient amount of ground and built houses; and he himself had his residence in this quarter. These, then, are the memorable actions reported of this king so far as regards his civil administration.