[74,5] ὁ γοῦν ἐραστὴς τὸν ἐρώμενον ἀποσφάττει διὰ τὸ λίαν φιλεῖν, ὡς οἴεται, παροξυνθεὶς ἐκ τῆς τυχούσης αἰτίας. ἕτεροι δ´ ἑαυτοὺς ἀποκτιννύασιν, οἱ μὲν ἄκοντες δι´ ἀκρασίαν, οἱ δὲ ἑκόντες, μηδενὸς ὄντος αὐτοῖς ἀτόπου κατὰ τὸν βίον ἢ τῆς ἐν αὐτοῖς μοχθηρίας. τὰς μὲν γὰρ ἄλλας βλάβας τὰς εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἑκάστου δῆλον ὡς οὐκ ἐπεξελθεῖν ἔστιν. ποία δὴ πίστις πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους ἢ τίς ἀσφάλεια; ἢ πῶς ἂν ἐμὲ ἀγαπήσειεν ὁ μηδ´ αὑτὸν ἀγαπῶν; τὸ γὰρ πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ῥηθέν, ὅτε ἐν ἐσχάτοις ὄντες ἠξίουν τι περὶ Σάμου, καλῶς ἂν οἶμαι λεχθείη πρὸς τοὺς φιλίαν ὑπερχομένους τῶν φαύλων· ὃς αὐτὸς αὑτὸν οὐ φιλεῖ, πῶς ἄλλον φιλεῖ, ἢ ξένον ἢ τέκνον ἢ ἀδελφόν; (6) τί οὖν, ὅταν τις φιλοφρονῆται καὶ καθ´ ἱερῶν ὀμνύῃ καὶ μόνον οὐ κατατέμνειν αὑτὸν ᾖ πρόθυμος; ἀκούειν μὲν ἤδη τούτων ἐξ ἀνάγκης καὶ νὴ Δία ἴσως κατανεύειν· εἰδέναι μέντοι σαφῶς ὅτι μηδὲν αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἰσχυρόν. Ἠλέκτρα τὸν Ὀρέστην δακρύοντα ὁρῶσα καὶ προσαγόμενον αὐτήν, τότε μὲν ᾤετο ἄνεσίν τινα αὐτῷ γεγονέναι, τοῦ μέντοι παντάπασι πιστεύειν πολὺ ἀπεῖχεν. ὁρῶσα γοῦν μετ´ ὀλίγον παρακινοῦντά φησιν, οἴμοι, κασίγνητ´, ὄμμα σὸν ταράσσεται, ταχὺς δὲ μετέθου. (7) τὴν θάλασσαν οὕτως ἠρεμοῦσαν πολλάκις ἰδεῖν ἔστιν, ὥστ´ οἶμαι καὶ τὸν δειλότατον καταφρονῆσαι. τί οὖν; διὰ τοῦτο πιστεύειν δεῖ καὶ μήτε ἀγκύρας ἔχοντα μήτε πηδάλιον μήτε τἄλλα τὰ πρὸς τὴν σωτηρίαν ἀνάγεσθαί ποτε; ὄψει γάρ, ἂν οὕτω τύχῃ, μετ´ ὀλίγον κατερείσαντος ἀνέμου κλύδωνα ἰσχυρὸν καὶ κύματα τροφόεντα, πελώρια ἶσα ὄρεσσι, κυρτὰ φαληριόωντα· καὶ τὸν νῦν σοι φαινόμενον πρᾷον καὶ πολλὴν ἐνδεικνύμενον εὔνοιαν καὶ σπουδὴν τῆς τυχούσης αἰτίας καταλαβούσης ἄγριον εὑρήσεις (8) καὶ χαλεπὸν καὶ πᾶν ὁτιοῦν κακὸν ἕτοιμον ἐργάσασθαι. πόσα δοκεῖς τὴν Μήδειαν εὔξασθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὑπὲρ τῶν τέκνων ἢ ποσάκις ἀγωνιᾶσαι νοσούντων ἢ ποσάκις ἀντ´ ἐκείνων αὐτὴν ἂν ἑλέσθαι τελευτᾶν; ἀλλ´ ὅμως αὐτόχειρ αὐτῶν ἐγένετο. νὴ Δία, ἐρεῖ τις, ὀργιζομένη καὶ ζηλοτυποῦσα. τοὺς πολλοὺς δὲ οὐκ ἂν οἴει {καὶ} ζηλοτυπῆσαι; τί δέ; φθονῆσαι; τί δέ; ἐλπίσαι; σχεδὸν γὰρ αἰεὶ καὶ συνεχῶς ἐν τούτοις εἰσίν. μὴ τοίνυν πίστευε τοῖς εὐνοεῖν φάσκουσι καὶ μηδέποτε ἂν ἐγκαταλιπεῖν τὴν πρὸς σὲ φιλίαν. ὥσπερ γὰρ αἱ τὸν ἄνεμον σημαίνουσαι ταινίαι κατὰ τὴν στάσιν αἰεὶ τοῦ πνεύματος αἰωροῦνται, νυνὶ μὲν οὕτως, πάλιν δὲ ἐπὶ θάτερα, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἡ τῶν φαύλων διάνοια πρὸς πᾶσαν (9) φορὰν οὕτως ἔχει. τοῖς δούλοις οὐδεὶς πιστεύει συντιθεμένοις διὰ τὸ μὴ κυρίους ἑαυτῶν εἶναι· πολὺ μᾶλλον οὐ χρὴ προσέχειν ταῖς τῶν τοιούτων ὁμολογίαις. τῷ παντὶ γὰρ πλεῖον ἀπέχουσι τῆς ἐλευθερίας {διὰ τὴν κακίαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι}. τοῖς νεωτέροις τοσούτων ἐτῶν νόμος οὐκ ἐᾷ συμβάλλειν ὡς ἀπίστοις οὖσιν, οὐδὲ γυναικὶ παρ´ Ἀθηναίοις συναλλάσσειν πλὴν ἄχρι μεδίμνου κριθῶν, διὰ τὸ τῆς γνώμης ἀσθενές. τῶν μέντοι πάνυ νέων οὐθὲν διαφέρουσιν οἱ φαῦλοι, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ τῶν παιδαρίων, πλὴν τῷ δύνασθαι καὶ τῇ πανουργίᾳ· διὸ μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς ἀπιστεῖν ἐκείνων προσήκει.

[74,5] For example, the lover slays his beloved because he loves him too much, as he imagines, but really because he has become enraged over some trivial matter. Others slay themselves, some involuntarily because of incontinence, and some voluntarily, since there is nothing in their life more extraordinary than their innate depravity. But enough of this, for the other injuries which each inflicts upon himself it obviously is impossible to examine in detail. Then what kind of trust can one have in dealing with men like these, or what assurance ? Or how could a person love me who does not love even himself ? For the reply which was made to the Athenians on the occasion when, being in dire straits, they made some request concerning Samos, might well, I think, be made to those low persons who try to worm their way into one's friendship : " If one does not love himself, how can he love another, whether stranger or son or brother ? " (6) What, then, must one do when some one makes a show of friendship, takes a solemn oath at the altar, and is almost eager to butcher himself there ? He must listen, of course, immediately, and, by Zeus, possibly nod assent ; yet at the same time be quite certain that not one of his protestations is valid. For example, when Electra beheld Orestes weeping and striving to draw her to him, at the moment she supposed that he had experienced some abatement of his madness, and yet she was far from trusting him entirely. At any rate shortly afterward, seeing him sore distraught, she exclaimed, "Ah me, dear brother, how confused thy glance, How swiftly thou hast changed!" (7) Again, one may often behold the sea so calm that, methinks, even the most timid would scorn it. What then ? On that account should one have faith in it, and with neither anchors nor rudder nor all the other aids to safety ever put to sea ? Nay, if Fortune so decrees, presently a gale will swoop down upon you and you will behold a mighty surge and "Enormous billows, huge as mountains are, Curling and topped with foam" ; and the man who but now seems to you gentle and who makes much display of kindliness and zeal, when some chance occasion overtakes him you will find is savage and harsh and ready to work any and every mischief. (8) How many prayers do you suppose Medeia offered to the gods in behalf of her children, or how many times did she suffer agony when they were ill, or how often would she have chosen to give her own life in their stead ? Yet she became their murderer. " Aye, by Zeus," some one will say, " in a fit of anger and jealousy." But do you not suppose that most of mankind could also become jealous, envious, apprehensive ? Why, one might almost say that they are always and unceasingly in the grip of these emotions. Do not, therefore, trust those who say that they feel kindly toward you and that they never would abandon their affection for you. For just as the streamers which mark the breeze always flutter according to the quarter from which it blows, now in this direction and now in the opposite direction, in the same way the mood of the common herd shifts in response to each and every emotion. (9) Nobody trusts slaves when they make an agreement, for the reason that they are not their own masters ; far more should one pay no heed to the agreements of such persons as I am describing. For in every respect human beings, because of their depravity, are farther removed from a state of freedom. The law does not permit one to make a contract with persons younger than a specified age on the ground that they are untrustworthy, nor, at Athens, may one have business dealings with a woman except to the extent of a measure of barley because of the weakness of female judgement. In fast, ordinary persons are no better than the very young, or rather than even the little boys, except in their bodily strength and their rascality ; consequently they deserve to be distrusted more than those others.