Texte grec :
| [8,20] ἑτέρα δὲ δεινοτέρα μάχη καὶ ἀγών ἐστιν οὐ μικρός,
ἀλλὰ πολὺ τούτου μείζων καὶ ἐπικινδυνότερος ὁ πρὸς τὴν ἡδονήν,
{οὐκ ἄντικρυς βιαζομένην, ἀλλ´ ἐξαπατῶσαν καὶ γοητεύουσαν δεινοῖς
φαρμάκοις} οὐχ οἵαν Ὅμηρός φησιν,
αὖθις δὲ δριμεῖα μάχη παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτύχθη.
ὀξέσι δὴ πελέκεσσι καὶ ἀξίναις ἐμάχοντο
(8,21) καὶ ξίφεσιν μεγάλοισιν
οὐχ οὗτος ὁ τρόπος τῆς μάχης· {οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄντικρυς βιάζεσθαι τὴν
ἡδονήν,} ἀλλ´ {ἐξαπατᾶν καὶ γοητεύειν δεινοῖς φαρμάκοις,} ὥσπερ
Ὅμηρός φησι τὴν Κίρκην τοὺς τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως ἑταίρους καταφαρ–
μάξαι, κἄπειτα τοὺς μὲν σῦς αὐτῶν, τοὺς δὲ λύκους γενέσθαι, τοὺς
δὲ ἄλλ´ ἄττα θηρία, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι τὸ χρῆμα τῆς ἡδονῆς, οὐχ ἁπλῶς
ἐπιβουλευούσης, ἀλλὰ πάντα τρόπον, διά τε τῆς ὄψεως καὶ ἀκοῆς
(8,22) ἢ ὀσφρήσεως ἢ γεύσεως ἢ ἁφῆς, ἔτι δὲ σιτίοις καὶ ποτοῖς καὶ ἀφροδισίοις
διαφθεῖραι πειρωμένης, ὁμοίως μὲν ἐγρηγορότας, ὁμοίως δὲ
κοιμωμένους. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὥσπερ πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους ἔστι φυλακὰς
καταστήσαντας καθεύδειν, ἀλλὰ μάλιστα δὴ πάντων τότε ἐπιτίθεται,
(8,23) τὰ μὲν αὐτῷ τῷ ὕπνῳ μαραίνουσα καὶ δουλουμένη, τὰ δὲ ἐπιπέμπουσα
ὀνείρατα πανοῦργα καὶ ἐπίβουλα, ἀναμιμνῄσκοντα αὐτῆς. ὁ μὲν οὖν
πόνος διὰ τῆς ἁφῆς ἐπιγίγνεται ὡς τὸ πολὺ καὶ ταύτῃ πρόσεισιν, ἡ
δὲ ἡδονὴ κατὰ πᾶσαν αἴσθησιν ὁπόσας ἄνθρωπος αἰσθήσεις ἔχει,
(8,24) καὶ δεῖ τοῖς μὲν πόνοις ἀπαντᾶν καὶ συμπλέκεσθαι, τὴν δὲ ἡδονὴν φεύγειν
ὡς πορρωτάτω καὶ μηδὲν ὅλως ἢ τἀναγκαῖα ὁμιλεῖν. καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁ
κράτιστος ἀνήρ {κράτιστος δὲ} σχεδόν, ὃς ἂν δύνηται πλεῖστον ἀποφεύγειν
τὰς ἡδονάς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔστιν ἡδονῇ συνόντα ἢ καὶ πειρώμενον
συνεχῶς μὴ οὐ πάντως ἁλῶναι. ὅταν οὖν κρατήσῃ καὶ περιγένηται
τῆς ψυχῆς τοῖς φαρμάκοις, γίγνεται τὸ λοιπὸν ἤδη τὸ τῆς Κίρκης,
(8,25) πλήξασα ῥᾳδίως τῇ ῥάβδῳ εἰς συφεόν τινα ἐλαύνει καὶ
καθείργνυσι καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἀπ´ ἐκείνου ἤδη ὁ ἄνθρωπος διατελεῖ
σῦς ὢν ἢ λύκος, γίγνονται δὲ καὶ ὄφεις ὑφ´ ἡδονῆς ποικίλοι καὶ
ὀλέθριοι καὶ ἄλλ´ ἄττα ἑρπετά, καὶ θεραπεύουσιν ἐκείνην ἀεὶ
(8,26) περὶ τὰς θύρας ὄντες καὶ ἐπιθυμοῦντες μὲν τῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ λατρεύοντες
ἐκείνῃ, μυρίους δὲ ἄλλως πόνους ἔχοντες. ἡ γὰρ ἡδονὴ κρατήσασα
αὐτῶν καὶ παραλαβοῦσα τοῖς πόνοις παραδίδωσι τοῖς ἐχθίστοις
καὶ χαλεπωτάτοις. τοῦτον δὴ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐμοὶ καρτεροῦντι καὶ
παραβαλλομένῳ πρὸς ἡδονὴν καὶ πόνον οὐδεὶς προσέχει τῶν ἀθλίων
ἀνθρώπων,
(8,27) ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀνδραπόδοις τοῖς πηδῶσι καὶ τρέχουσι καὶ
χορεύουσιν. οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἑώρων ἀγωνιζόμενον καὶ πονοῦντα, οὐδὲ
ἔμελεν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τότε ἴσως ἀθλητάς τινας
ἐθαύμαζον, Ζήτην καὶ Κάλαϊν καὶ Πηλέα καὶ ἄλλους τοιούτους
δρομέας τινὰς καὶ παλαιστάς· καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ κάλλει, τοὺς δὲ
ἐπὶ πλούτῳ ἐθαύμαζον, καθάπερ Ἰασίωνα καὶ Κινύραν·
(8,28) περὶ δὲ
τοῦ Πέλοπος ἔλεγον ὅτι καὶ τὸν ὦμον ἐλεφάντινον ἔχοι, ὥσπερ τι
ὄφελος ἀνθρώπου χρυσῆν χεῖρα ἢ ἐλεφαντίνην ἔχοντος ἢ ὀφθαλμοὺς
ἀδάμαντος ἢ σμαράγδου· τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν οὐκ ἐγίγνωσκον αὐτοῦ
ὁποίαν τινὰ εἶχεν. τὸν δὲ Ἡρακλέα πονοῦντα μὲν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμενον
ἠλέουν, καὶ ἔφασαν αὐτὸν ἀνθρώπων ἀθλιώτατον· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο
ἄθλους ἐκάλουν τοὺς πόνους αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ἔργα, ὡς τὸν ἐπίπονον
βίον ἄθλιον ὄντα· ἀποθανόντα δὲ πάντων μάλιστα τιμῶσι καὶ
θεὸν νομίζουσι καί φασιν Ἥβῃ συνοικεῖν, καὶ τούτῳ πάντες εὔχονται,
(8,29) ὅπως αὐτοὶ μὴ ἔσονται ἄθλιοι, τῷ πλεῖστα ἀθλήσαντι. τὸν
δὲ Εὐρυσθέα οἴονται κρατεῖν τούτου καὶ ἐπιτάττειν, ὃν οὐδενὸς
ἄξιον νενομίκασιν, οὐδὲ εὔξατο οὐδὲ ἔθυσεν οὐδέποτε οὐδεὶς Εὐρυσθεῖ.
πλὴν ὅ γε Ἡρακλῆς περιῄει τὴν Εὐρώπην καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν ἅπασαν,
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Traduction française :
| [8,20] (p389) "But there is another battle more terrible and a struggle not slight but much
greater than this and fraught with greater danger, I mean the fight against pleasure.
Nor is it like that battle which Homer speaks of when he says,
"Fiercely then around the ships
The struggle was renewed.
With halberds and with trenchant battle-axe
They fought, with mighty sword and two-edged spear".
21 No, it is no such battle, for pleasure uses no open force but deceives and casts a
spell with baneful drugs, just as Homer says Circe drugged the comrades of
Odysseus, and some forthwith became swine, some wolves, and some other kinds of
beasts. Yes, such is this thing pleasure, that hatches no single plot but all kinds of
plots, and aims to undo men through sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch, with food
too, and drink and carnal lust, tempting the waking and the sleeping alike. 22 For it is
not possible to set guards and then lie down to sleep as in ordinary warfare, since it is
just then of all times that she makes her attack, at one time weakening and enslaving
the soul by means of sleep itself, at another, sending mischievous and insidious
dreams that suggest her.
23 "Now work is carried on by means of touch for the most part and proceeds in that
way, but pleasure (p391) assails a man through each and every sense that he has; and
while he must face and grapple with work, to pleasure he must give the widest berth
possible and have none but unavoidable dealings with her. 24 And herein the
strongest man is indeed strongest, one might almost say, who can keep the farthest
away from pleasures; for it is impossible to dwell with pleasure or even to dally with
her for any length of time without being completely enslaved. Hence when she gets
the mastery and overpowers the soul by her charms, the rest of Circe's sorcery at once
follows. With a stroke of her wand pleasure coolly drives her victim into a sort of sty
and pens him up, 25 and now from that time forth the man goes on living as a pig or a
wolf. Pleasure also brings divers and deadly vipers into being, and other crawling
things that attend constantly upon her as they lie about her doors, and though
yearning for pleasure and serving her, they yet suffer a thousand hardships all in
vain. 26 For pleasure, after overpowering and taking possession of her victims,
delivers them over to hardships, the most hateful and most difficult to endure.
"This is the contest which I steadfastly maintain, and in which I risk my life against
pleasure and hardship, yet not a single wretched mortal gives heed to me, but only to
the jumpers and runners and dancers. 27 Neither, indeed, did men have eyes for
struggles and labours of Heracles or have any interest in them, but perhaps even then
they were admiring certain athletes such as Zetes, Calaïs, (p393) Peleus, and other
like runners and wrestlers; and some they would admire for their beauty and others
for their wealth, as, for example, Jason and Cinyras. 28 About Pelops, too, the story
ran that he had an ivory shoulder, as if there were any use in a man having a golden
or ivory hand or eyes of diamond or malachite; but the kind of soul he had men did
not notice. As for Heracles, they pitied him while he toiled and struggled and called
him the most 'trouble-ridden,' or wretched, of men; indeed, this is why they gave the
name 'troubles,' or tasks, to his labours and works, as though a laborious life were a
trouble-ridden, or wretched life; but now that he is dead they honour him beyond all
others, deify him, and say he has Hebe to wife, and all pray to him that they may not
themselves be wretched — to him who in his labours suffered wretchedness
exceedingly great.
29 "They have an idea, too, that Eurystheus had him in his power and ordered him
about, Eurystheus, whom they considered a worthless fellow and to whom no one
ever prayed or sacrificed. Heracles, however, roved over all Europe and Asia,
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