[40,40] ἀλλ´ ὄρνιθες μὲν ἐγγὺς ἀλλήλων ποιησάμενοι νεοττιὰς οὐκ ἐπιβουλεύουσιν αὑτοῖς οὐδὲ διαφέρονται περὶ τροφῆς καὶ φρυγάνων, οὐδὲ μύρμηκες πλησίον ὀπὰς ἔχοντες, ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ἅλω πολλάκις εἰσφερόμενοι σῖτον, ἀλλὰ παραχωροῦσιν αὑτοῖς καὶ τῶν ὁδῶν ἐκτρέπονται καὶ συνεργάζονται πολλάκις, οὐδὲ ἑσμοὶ πλείονες μελιττῶν, ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν νεμόμενοι λειμῶνα, τῶν ἔργων ἀμελήσαντες περὶ τῶν ἀνθῶν τῆς δρόσου διαφέρονται. (40,41) καὶ μὴν ἀγέλαι βοῶν τε καὶ ἵππων ἀναμιχθεῖσαι πολλάκις ἀθορύβως καὶ πρᾴως νέμονται, ὥστε μίαν ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἀγέλην ὁρᾶσθαι· ἔτι δὲ αἰπόλια καὶ ποίμνια συμμιχθέντα ἐπὶ νομῆς διημερεύσαντα ῥᾳδίως καὶ πρᾴως ὑπὸ τῶν νομέων διεκρίθησαν. ἄνθρωποι δὲ βοσκημάτων καὶ θηρίων χείρους, ὡς ἔοικε, τὰ πρὸς φιλίαν καὶ τὸ κοινωνεῖν ἀλλήλοις. ἃ γὰρ ἡ φύσις ἐποίησεν εὐνοίας ἕνεκα, ταῦτα ἰδεῖν ἔστιν ἔχθρας καὶ μίσους αἴτια γιγνόμενα. αὐτίκα ἡ πρώτη καὶ μεγίστη φιλία γονεῦσι πρὸς παῖδας.

[40,40] Why, birds make their nests near each other, yet do not plot against each other or quarrel over food and twigs; and ants do not quarrel either, though they have their burrows close together, often carrying home grain from the same threshing-floor, but instead they make way for each other and turn off the trail and co-operate frequently; no more do several swarms of bees, though they range over the same meadow, neglect their labours and wrangle over the nectar of the flowers. 41 What is more, herds of cattle and droves of horses often mingle in the pasture and graze quietly and tranquilly, insomuch that to the eye the two breeds form but a single group. And again, goats and sheep which have mingled in the pasture and passed the day together (p147) are easily and gently separated by their keepers. However, human beings are worse than cattle and creatures of the wild, it would seem, in regard to friendship and partnership with one another. For what Nature has done in the cause of friendship turns out, as we can see, to be a source of enmity and hatred. For example, the first and high friendship is that of parents toward children. . . .