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Denys d'Halicarnasse, Les Antiquités romaines, livre XX [fragments]

Chapitre 7

  Chapitre 7

[20,7] Ὅτι Κλεινίας Κροτωνιάτης τύραννος ὢν ἀφείλετο τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ταῖς πόλεσι, φυγάδας ἀθροίσας ἐκ παντὸς τόπου καὶ δούλους ἐλευθερώσας· οἷς τὴν τυραννίδα κρατυνάμενος τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους Κροτωνιατῶν οὓς μὲν ἀπέκτεινεν, οὓς δὲ ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως· Ἀναξίλας δὲ Ῥηγίνων τὴν ἀκρόπολιν κατελάβετο καὶ πάντα τὸν τοῦ βίου χρόνον κατασχὼν Λεόφρονι τῷ παιδὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν κατέλιπε. καὶ ἄλλοι ἀπὸ τούτων δυναστείας ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι κατασκευάσαντες πάντα τὰ πράγματα διέφθειραν. δὲ τελευταία τε καὶ πασῶν μεγίστη κάκωσις ἁπάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν Διονυσίου τυραννὶς ἐγένετο τοῦ κρατήσαντος Σικελίας. διέβη γὰρ εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἐπὶ Ῥηγίνους Λοκρῶν ἐπικαλεσαμένων, οἷς ἦσαν οἱ Ῥηγῖνοι διάφοροι· καὶ συνελθόντων ἐπ´ αὐτὸν Ἰταλιωτῶν δυνάμεσι μεγάλαις συνάψας μάχην ἀπέκτεινε συχνοὺς καὶ πόλεις αὐτῶν δύο κατὰ κράτος ἐξεῖλεν. εἶτ´ αὖθις ἑτέραν ποιησάμενος διάβασιν Ἱππωνιεῖς ἀνέστησεν ἐκ τῆς ἑαυτῶν, οὓς ἀπήγαγεν εἰς Σικελίαν, καὶ Κροτωνιάτας ἐξεῖλε καὶ Ῥηγίνους καὶ διετέλεσεν ἔτη δώδεκα τούτων τυραννῶν τῶν πόλεων. ἔπειθ´ οἱ μὲν τὸν τύραννον δεδιότες τοῖς βαρβάροις αὑτοὺς ἐνεχείριζον, οἱ δ´ ὑπ´ ἐκείνων πολεμούμενοι τῷ τυράννῳ τὰς πόλεις παρεδίδοσαν· ὑφ´ ὅτου δὲ πάσχοιεν, ἀεὶ κακῶς δυσχεραίνοντες εὐρίπου δίκην τῇδε καὶ τῇδε πρὸς τὸ συντυχὸν ἐτράποντο. [20,7] (19.4) Cleinias of Croton, when he was tyrant, took away from the cities their freedom after he had gathered together fugitives from every quarter and freed the slaves; and having strengthened his tyranny with their aid, he either slew or expelled from the city the most prominent of the Crotoniats. Anaxilas seized the acropolis of the Rhegians and, after holding it as long as he lived, handed down the rule to Leophron, his son. Others too, following their example, founded dynasties in the various cities and thus brought everything to ruin. 2 (5) But the final (p413) and worst mischief of all that came to any of the cities was the tyranny of Dionysius, who had mastered Sicily. For he crossed into Italy against the Rhegians at the summons of the Locrians, with whom the Rhegians were at odds; and when the Italiots united against him with large forces, he joined battle, slew many and took by storm two of their cities. 3 Then make gate another crossing later on, he removed the people of Hipponium from their native land, taking them to Sicily; and capturing Croton and Rhegium, he continued to lord it over those cities for twelve years. Then some, who stood in dread of the tyrant, entrusted themselves to the barbarians, while others, who were being warred upon by the barbarians, handed over their cities to the tyrant; and no matter at whose hands they were suffering, they were always wretched and discontented, so that, like a euripus, they veered this way and that according to the fortunes that befell them.


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