Texte grec :
| [10,31] Τῷ δ´ ἑξῆς ἔτει Μάρκου Οὐαλερίου καὶ
Σπορίου Οὐεργινίου τὴν ὑπατείαν ἐχόντων στρατιὰ
μὲν ὑπερόριος οὐδεμία ἐξῆλθε Ῥωμαίων, πολιτικὰ δέ
τινα προσκρούσματα τοῖς δημάρχοις πρὸς τοὺς ὑπάτους συνέστη πάλιν, ἐξ ὧν ἔσχον
οἱ δήμαρχοι παρασπάσαντές τι τῆς ὑπατικῆς δυναστείας. τὸν μὲν γὰρ
ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον ἐκκλησίας μόνον ἦσαν οἱ δήμαρχοι
κύριοι, βουλὴν δὲ συνάγειν ἢ γνώμην ἀγορεύειν οὐκ
ἐξῆν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλ´ ἦν τῶν ὑπάτων τοῦτο τὸ γέρας.
οἱ δὲ τότε δήμαρχοι πρῶτοι συγκαλεῖν ἐπεβάλοντο
τὴν βουλὴν Ἰκιλλίου τὴν πεῖραν εἰσηγησαμένου, ὃς
ἡγεῖτο μὲν τοῦ ἀρχείου, δραστήριος δέ τις ἦν ἀνὴρ
καὶ ὡς Ῥωμαῖος εἰπεῖν οὐκ ἀδύνατος. εἰσέφερε γάρ
τι καὶ οὗτος πολίτευμα καινὸν ἀξιῶν ἀπομερισθῆναι
τοῖς δημόταις τόπον εἰς οἰκιῶν κατασκευὰς τὸν καλούμενον Αὐεντῖνον. ἔστι δὲ λόφος
ὑψηλὸς ἐπιεικῶς,
οὐκ ἐλάττων ἢ δώδεκα σταδίων τὴν περίμετρον, ἐμπεριεχόμενος τῇ πόλει, ὃς οὐχ
ἅπας τότε ᾠκεῖτο, ἀλλ´
ἦν δημόσιός τε καὶ ὕλης ἀνάπλεως. τοῦτο τὸ πολίτευμα
εἰσάγων ὁ δήμαρχος τοῖς τότε ὑπάτοις καὶ τῇ
βουλῇ προσῄει δεόμενος τὸν ἐπ´ αὐτῷ γραφέντα νόμον
προβουλεῦσαί τε καὶ εἰς τὸν δῆμον ἐξενεγκεῖν. ἀναβαλλομένων
δὲ καὶ παρελκόντων τῶν ὑπάτων τὸν
χρόνον πέμψας τὸν ὑπηρέτην ὡς αὐτοὺς ἐκέλευσεν
ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀκολουθεῖν καὶ τὴν βουλὴν συγκαλεῖν.
ἐπεὶ δὲ τῶν ῥαβδούχων τις ἀπήλασε τὸν ὑπηρέτην
κελευσθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπάτων, ἀγανακτήσας ὁ Ἰκίλλιος
καὶ οἱ συνάρχοντες αὐτοῦ, συνέλαβον τὸν ῥαβδοῦχον
καὶ ἀπῆγον ὡς ῥίψοντες κατὰ τῆς πέτρας. οἱ δὲ
ὕπατοι βιάσασθαι μὲν ἢ τὸν ἀγόμενον ἀφελέσθαι, καίτοι δεινὰ δοκοῦντες ὑβρίσθαι,
ἀδύνατοι ἦσαν, ἐπεκαλοῦντο δὲ τὴν ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων δημάρχων βοήθειαν.
οὐθὲν γὰρ τῶν πραττομένων ὑπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐκείνης
ἐπισχεῖν ἢ κωλῦσαι τῶν ἄλλων τινὶ ἔξεστιν, ἀλλ´
ἑτέρου δημάρχου τοῦτ´ ἐστὶ τὸ κράτος. τοῖς δ´ ἄρα
πᾶσιν ἦν ταῦτα κατ´ ἀρχὰς δεδογμένα μήτ´ εἰσηγήσασθαί τινα καινὸν πολίτευμα
μηθὲν ἐφ´ ἑαυτοῦ βαλόμενον, ἐὰν μὴ πᾶσι τὸ αὐτὸ δοκῇ, μήτε ἐναντιωθῆναί
τινα τοῖς πραττομένοις, ὅς´ ἂν αἱ πλείους γνῶμαι
δοκιμάσωσι· καὶ περὶ τούτων εὐθὺς ἅμα τῷ παραλαβεῖν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἱερὰ θύσαντες
ὅρκους ἔδοσαν ἀλλήλοις· οὕτως οἰόμενοι μάλιστα τὸ τῆς δημαρχίας ἀκατάλυτον
ἔσεσθαι κράτος, ἐὰν τὸ στασιάζον ἐξ αὐτῆς
ἀναιρεθῇ. τοῦτο δὴ φυλάττοντες τὸ συνωμόσιον εἶπον
ἀπάγεσθαι τὸν φύλακα τῆς ἀρχῆς τῶν ὑπάτων, κοινὴν
ἁπάντων εἶναι λέγοντες τὴν γνώμην, οὐ μὴν διέμεινάν
γ´ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀργῆς, ἀλλὰ τοῖς πρεσβυτάτοις τῶν ἐκ τοῦ
συνεδρίου παραιτουμένοις τὸν ἄνδρα ἀφῆκαν, τόν τε
φθόνον ὑφορώμενοι τοῦ πράγματος, ὅτι πρῶτοι ἔμελλον θανάτῳ ζημιῶσαι τὸν
ἄνδρα τὸ κελευσθὲν ὑπὸ
τῶν ἀρχόντων ποιήσαντα, καὶ δεδοικότες, μὴ ἀπὸ
ταύτης τῆς προφάσεως εἰς ἀπόνοιαν ἀναγκασθῶσιν οἱ
πατρίκιοι τραπέσθαι.
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Traduction française :
| [10,31] The following year, when Marcus Valerius and Spurius Verginius were consuls,
no army of the Romans went out of their borders, but there were fresh outbreaks of
civil strife between the tribunes and the consuls, as a result of which the former
wrested away some part of the consular power. Before this time the power of the
tribunes was limited to the popular assembly and they had no authority either to
convene the senate or to express an opinion there, that being a prerogative of the
consuls. The tribunes of the year in question were the first who undertook to
convene the senate, the experiment being made by Icilius, the head of their college, a
man of action and, for a Roman, not lacking in eloquence. (p273) For he too was at that
time proposing a new measure, asking that the region called the Aventine be divided
among the plebeians for the building of houses. This is a hill of moderate height, not
less than twelve stades in circuit, and is included within the city; not all of it was then
inhabited, but it was public land and thickly wooded. In order to get this measure
introduced, the tribune went to the consuls of the year and to the senate, asking them
to pass the preliminary vote for the law embodying the measure and to submit it to
the populace. But when the consuls kept putting it off and protracting the time, he
sent his attendant to them with orders that they should follow him to the office of the
tribunes and call together the senate. And when one of the lictors at the orders of the
consuls drove away the attendant, Icilius and his colleagues in their resentment
seized the lictor and led him away with the intention of hurling him down from the
rock. The consuls, though they looked upon this as a great insult, were unable to
use force or to rescue the man who was being led away, but invoked the assistance of
the other tribunes; for no one but another tribune has a right to stop or hinder any of
the actions of those magistrates. Now the tribunes had all come to this decision at
the outset, that no one of their number should either introduce any new measure on
his own initiative, unless they all concurred in it, or oppose any proceedings which
met with the approval of the (p275) majority; and just as soon as they had assumed their
magistracy they had confirmed this agreement by sacrifices and mutual oaths,
believing that the power of the tribuneship would be most effectively rendered
impregnable if dissension were banished from it. It was in pursuance, then, of this
sworn compact that they ordered the consuls' guardian to be led away, declaring this
to be the unanimous decision of their body. Nevertheless, they did not persist in their
resentment, but released the man at the intercession of the oldest senators; for they
were not only concerned about the odium that would attend such a procedure, if they
should be the first to punish a man by death for obeying an order of the magistrates,
but also feared that with this provocation the patricians might be driven to take
desperate measures.
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