Texte grec :
| [10,16] Λυθείσης δὲ τῆς ἐκκλησίας περὶ δείλην
ὀψίαν συνέρρεον ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποδειχθέντας ἕκαστοι τόπους,
ἀπογραφόμενοί τε πρὸς τοὺς ἡγεμόνας τὰ ὀνόματα
καὶ τὸν στρατιωτικὸν ὀμνύντες ὅρκον. ἐκείνην
μὲν οὖν τὴν ἡμέραν καὶ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν νύκτα ὅλην
ἀμφὶ ταῦτα ἦσαν, τῇ δ´ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ λοχαγοί τε προσενέμοντο
ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπάτων καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς ἱερὰς ἐτάττοντο σημείας
συνεπιρρέοντος καὶ τοῦ κατ´ ἀγροὺς
διατρίβοντος ὄχλου. γενομένων δὲ διὰ τάχους πάντων
εὐτρεπῶν μερισάμενοι τὰς δυνάμεις οἱ ὕπατοι
κλήρῳ διείλοντο τὰς ἀρχάς. Κλαυδίῳ μὲν οὖν ὁ κλῆρος ἀπέδωκε τὰ πρὸ τῶν τειχῶν
διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχειν,
μή τις ἔξωθεν ἐπέλθῃ στρατιὰ τοῖς ἔνδον ἐπίκουρος·
ὑποψία γὰρ ἅπαντας κατεῖχε μεγάλης σφόδρα κινήσεως, καὶ τὸ ἀντίπαλον ἅπαν ὡς
ὁμοῦ συνεπιθησόμενον σφίσιν ἐφοβοῦντο· Οὐαλερίῳ δὲ τὰ φρούρια
πολιορκεῖν ὁ δαίμων ἐφῆκεν. ἐτάχθησαν δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ
τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐρύμασιν ἡγεμόνες ὅσα τῆς πόλεως ἐντὸς
ἦν καθέξοντες, καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἐπὶ τὸ Καπιτώλιον ἀγούσας ὁδοὺς ἕτεροι κωλύσεως
ἕνεκεν τῶν ἀποστησομένων πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους δούλων τε καὶ ἀπόρων,
οὓς παντὸς μάλιστα ἐφοβοῦντο. ἐπικουρικὸν δὲ αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν ἔφθασε παρὰ τῶν
συμμάχων ἀφικόμενον,
ὅτι μὴ παρὰ Τυσκλάνων μόνον ἐν μιᾷ νυκτὶ ἀκουσάντων τε καὶ παρασκευασαμένων,
οὓς ἦγε Λεύκιος
Μαμίλιος, ἀνὴρ δραστήριος, ἔχων τὴν μεγίστην ἐν
τῇ πόλει τότε ἀρχήν· καὶ συνεκινδύνευον οὗτοι τῷ
Οὐαλερίῳ μόνοι καὶ συνεξεῖλον τὰ φρούρια πᾶσαν
εὔνοιαν καὶ προθυμίαν ἀποδειξάμενοι. ἐγένετο δ´ ἡ
προσβολὴ τοῖς φρουρίοις πανταχόθεν· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ
τῶν πλησίον οἰκιῶν ἀσφάλτου καὶ πίσσης πεπυρωμένης ἀγγεῖα σφενδόναις
ἐναρμόττοντες ἐπέβαλλον
ὑπὲρ τὸν λόφον· οἱ δὲ συμφοροῦντες {αὐτῶν} φακέλλους φρυγάνων καὶ παρὰ τοῖς
ἀποτόμοις τῆς πέτρας
βωμοὺς ἐγείροντες ὑψηλοὺς ὑφῆπτον ἀνέμῳ παραδιδόντες τὰς φλόγας ἐπιφόρῳ.
ὅσοι δ´ ἦσαν ἀνδρειότατοι, πυκνώσαντες τοὺς λόχους ἐχώρουν ἄνω κατὰ
τὰς χειροποιήτους ὁδούς. ἦν δ´ αὐτοῖς οὔτε τοῦ πλήθους, ᾧ παρὰ πολὺ τῶν
ἀντιπάλων προεῖχον, ὄφελος
οὐθὲν διὰ στενῆς ἀνιοῦσιν ὁδοῦ καὶ πληθούσης προβόλων ἄνωθεν
ἐπικαταραττομένων, ἔνθα συνεξισωθήσεσθαι ἔμελλε τῷ πολλῷ τὸ ὀλίγον· οὔτε τῆς
παρὰ τὰ δεινὰ ὑπομονῆς, ἣν πολλοῖς καταστήσαντες πολέμοις εἶχον,
οὐδεμία ὄνησις πρὸς ὀρθίους βιαζομένοις
σκοπάς. οὐ γὰρ συστάδην μαχομένους ἔδει τὸ εὔτολμον καὶ καρτερικὸν
ἀποδείξασθαι, ἀλλ´ ἑκηβόλοις
χρῆσθαι μάχαις. ἦσαν δὲ τῶν μὲν κάτωθεν ἐπὶ τὰ
μετέωρα βαλλομένων βραδεῖαί τε καὶ ἀσθενεῖς, εἰ
καὶ τύχοιεν, ὥσπερ εἰκός, αἱ πληγαί· τῶν δ´ ἀφ´
ὕψους κάτω ῥιπτουμένων ὀξεῖαι καὶ καρτεραὶ συνεργούντων τοῖς βλήμασι καὶ τῶν
ἰδίων βαρῶν. οὐ
μὴν ἔκαμνόν γε οἱ προσβάλλοντες τοῖς ἐρύμασιν, ἀλλὰ
διεκαρτέρουν ἀναγκοφαγοῦντες τὰ δεινὰ οὔτε ἡμέρας
οὔτε νυκτὸς ἀναπαυόμενοι τῶν πόνων. τέλος δ´ οὖν
ὑπολιπόντων τοὺς πολιορκουμένους τῶν βελῶν καὶ
τῶν σωμάτων ἐξαδυνατούντων τρίτῃ τὰ φρούρια
ἐξεπολιόρκησαν ἡμέρᾳ. ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ μάχῃ πολλοὺς
Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ ἀγαθοὺς ἄνδρας ἀπέβαλον, κράτιστον
δέ, ὥσπερ πρὸς ἁπάντων ὡμολόγητο, τὸν ὕπατον· ὃς
οὐκ ὀλίγα τραύματα λαβὼν οὐδ´ ὣς ἀφίστατο τῶν
δεινῶν, ἕως ἐπικαταραγεὶς αὐτῷ πέτρος ὑπερμεγέθης
ἐπιβαίνοντι τοῦ περιτειχίσματος ἅμα τήν τε νίκην
αὐτὸν ἀφείλετο καὶ τὴν ψυχήν. ἁλισκομένων δὲ τῶν
φρουρίων ὁ μὲν Ἑρδώνιος - ἦν γὰρ καὶ ῥώμῃ σώματος
διάφορος καὶ κατὰ χεῖρα γενναῖος - ἄπιστόν τι χρῆμα
περὶ αὑτὸν ποιήσας νεκρῶν ὑπὸ πλήθους βελῶν ἀποθνήσκει,
τῶν δὲ σὺν αὐτῷ τὰ φρούρια καταλαβομένων
ὀλίγοι μέν τινες ζῶντες ἑάλωσαν, οἱ δὲ πλείους σφάττοντες
ἑαυτοὺς ἢ κατὰ τῶν κρημνῶν ὠθοῦντες διεφθάρησαν.
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Traduction française :
| [10,16] After the assembly had been dismissed in the late afternoon, they all flocked to
their appointed places, giving in their names to the generals and taking the military
oath. During that day, then, and all the following night they were thus employed. The
next day the centurions were assigned by the consuls to their commands and to the
sacred standards; and the crowd which lived in the country also in great numbers
flocked in. Everything being soon made ready, the consuls divided the forces and
drew lots for their commands. It fell to the lot of Claudius to keep guard before the
walls, lest some army from outside should come to the relief of the enemy in the city;
for everybody suspected that there would be very serious turmoil, and they feared
that all their foes would fall upon them at the same time with united forces. To
Valerius Fortune assigned the siege of the fortresses. Commanders were appointed
to occupy the other strong places also that lay within the city, and others were posted
in the streets leading to the Capitol, to prevent the slaves and the poor from going
over to the enemy — the thing of which they were most afraid. No assistance reached
them in time from any of their allies save only from the Tusculans, who, the same
night they heard of the invasion, had made ready to march, their commander
(p219) being Lucius Mamilius, a man of action, who held the chief magistracy in their
city at that time. These alone shared the danger with Valerius and aided him in
capturing the fortresses, displaying all goodwill and alacrity. The fortresses were
attacked from all sides; some of the attackers, fitting vessels of bitumen and burning
pitch to their slings, hurled them over the hills from the roofs of neighbouring houses,
and others, gathering bundles of dry faggots, raised lofty heaps of them against the
steep parts of the cliff and set them on fire when they could commit the flames to a
favourable wind. All the bravest of the troops, closing their ranks, went up by the
roads that had been built to the summits. But neither their numbers, in which they
were greatly superior to the enemy, were of any service to them when they were
ascending by a narrow road, full of broken fragments of rock the came crashing down
upon them from above, where a small body of men would be a match for a large one;
nor was their constancy in dangers, which they had acquired by their training in
many wars, of any advantage to them when forcing their way up steep heights. For it
was not a situation that called for the display of the daring and perseverance of
hand-to-hand fighting, but rather for the tactics of fighting with missiles. Moreover, the
blows made by missiles shot from below up to lofty targets were slow on arrival and
ineffective, naturally, even if they hit their mark, while the blows of missiles hurled
down from above came with high speed and violence, the very weight of the weapons
contributing to the (p221) force with which they were thrown. Nevertheless, the men
attacking the ramparts were not easily discouraged, but bravely endured the hard
rations of unavoidable dangers, ceasing not from their toils either by day or by night.
At last, when the missiles of the besieged gave out and their strength failed them, the
Romans reduced the fortresses on the third day. In this action they lost many brave
men, among them the consul, who was universally acknowledged to have been the
best of them all; he, even after he had received many wounds, did not retire from
danger until a huge rock, crashing down upon him as he was mounting the other wall,
snatched from him at once the victory and himself life. As the fortresses were being
taken, Herdonius, who was remarkable for his physical strength and brave in action,
after piling up an incredible heap of dead bodies about him, perished under a
multitude of missiles. Of those who had aided him in seizing the fortresses some few
were taken alive, but the greater part either killed themselves with their swords or
hurled themselves down the cliffs.
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