Texte grec :
| [10,3] Τὸ μὲν οὖν καταλύσασθαι τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους
ἐγκλήματα καὶ μιᾷ χρήσασθαι γνώμῃ περὶ τῶν κοινῶν,
ὡς ὑπετίθεντο οἱ χρησμοί, πάντες ὡμολόγουν· ὅπως
δ´ ἂν τοῦτο γένοιτο καὶ ἀπὸ τίνων ἀρξαμένων εἴκειν
τοῖς ἑτέροις τὸ διάφορον παύσαιτο στασιάζον, οὐ
μικρὰν αὐτοῖς παρεῖχεν ἀπορίαν. οἱ μὲν γὰρ ὕπατοι
καὶ οἱ τῆς βουλῆς προεστῶτες τοὺς εἰσφέροντας καινὰ
πολιτεύματα δημάρχους καὶ καταλύειν ἀξιοῦντας τὸν
πάτριον τῆς πολιτείας κόσμον αἰτίους ἀπέφαινον τῆς
ταραχῆς. οἱ δὲ δήμαρχοι σφᾶς μὲν αὐτοὺς οὐδὲν
ἔλεγον ἀνάξιον δρᾶν οὔτε ἄδικον οὔτε ἀσύμφορον
εὐνομίαν εἰσάγειν βουλομένους καὶ ἰσηγορίαν· τοὺς δὲ
ὑπάτους καὶ τοὺς πατρικίους αἰτίους ἔσεσθαι τῆς
στάσεως ἔλεγον ἀνομίαν αὔξοντας καὶ πλεονεξίαν καὶ
ζηλοῦντας τὰ τῶν τυράννων ἔθη. ταῦτα καὶ πολλὰ
τούτοις ὅμοια παρ´ ἑκατέρων ἐπὶ πολλὰς ἡμέρας ἐλέγετο,
καὶ προὔβαινε διὰ κενῆς ὁ χρόνος· ἐν ᾧ τῶν
κατὰ τὴν πόλιν οὔτε δημοσίων οὔτε ἰδίων οὐδὲν
ἐτελεῖτο. ὡς δ´ οὐδὲν ἐγίνετο τῶν προὔργου, λόγων
μὲν ἐκείνων καὶ κατηγοριῶν, ἃς ἐποιοῦντο κατὰ τῆς
βουλῆς, οἱ δήμαρχοι ἀπέστησαν· συναγαγόντες δὲ τὸ
πλῆθος εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ὑπέσχοντο τῷ δήμῳ νόμον
εἰσοίσειν ὑπὲρ ὧν ἠξίουν. ἐπαινέσαντος δὲ τοῦ πλήθους τὸν λόγον οὐδὲν ἔτι
ἀναβαλόμενοι τὸν παρασκευασθέντα νόμον ἀνέγνωσαν· κεφάλαια δὲ αὐτοῦ
τάδε ἦν· ἄνδρας αἱρεθῆναι δέκα ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου
συναχθείσης ἀγορᾶς ἐννόμου τοὺς πρεσβυτάτους τε
καὶ φρονιμωτάτους, οἷς ἐστι πλείστη πρόνοια τιμῆς τε
καὶ δόξης ἀγαθῆς· τούτους δὲ συγγράψαντας τοὺς
ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων νόμους τῶν τε κοινῶν καὶ τῶν ἰδίων
εἰς τὸν δῆμον ἐξενεγκεῖν· τοὺς δὲ συγγραφησομένους
ὑπ´ αὐτῶν νόμους κεῖσθαι ἐν ἀγορᾷ ταῖς καθ´ ἕκαστον
ἐνιαυτὸν ἀποδειχθησομέναις ἀρχαῖς καὶ τοῖς ἰδιώταις
ὅρους τῶν πρὸς ἀλλήλους δικαίων. τοῦτον προθέντες
τὸν νόμον ἐξουσίαν ἔδοσαν τοῖς βουλομένοις αὐτοῦ
κατηγορεῖν, ἀποδείξαντες τὴν τρίτην ἀγοράν. ἦσαν δὲ
πολλοὶ καὶ οὐχ οἱ φαυλότατοι τῶν ἐκ τοῦ συνεδρίου,
πρεσβύτεροι καὶ νέοι, κατήγοροι τοῦ νόμου, λόγους
διεξιόντες ἐκ πολλῆς ἐπιμελείας καὶ παρασκευῆς· καὶ
τοῦτ´ ἐφ´ ἡμέρας ἐγίνετο συχνάς. ἔπειτα οἱ δήμαρχοι
δυσχεραίνοντες ἐπὶ τῇ διατριβῇ τοῦ χρόνου λόγον μὲν
οὐδένα ἔτι τοῖς κατηγόροις τοῦ νόμου προέθεσαν,
ἡμέραν δὲ ἀποδείξαντες, ἐν ᾗ κυρώσειν αὐτὸν ἔμελλον,
παρεῖναι τοὺς δημότας εἰς αὐτὴν παρεκάλουν ἀθρόους,
ὡς οὐκέτι ταῖς μακραῖς δημηγορίαις ἐνοχληθησομένους,
ἀλλ´ ἐποίσοντας ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τὴν ψῆφον κατὰ φυλάς.
οἱ μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ὑποσχόμενοι διέλυσαν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν.
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Traduction française :
| [10,3] As for putting an end to their mutual recriminations and acting with unanimity
concerning public affairs, as the oracles advised, all were in agreement; but how this
was to be brought about, and which party should take the first step by yielding to the
other the point at issue and thus put an end to the dissension, caused them no little
embarrassment. For the consuls and the leaders of the senate declared that the
tribunes who were proposing new measures and demanding the overthrow of the
time-honoured constitution were to blame for the disturbance. On the other hand,
the tribunes denied that they were asking for anything that was either unjust or
disadvantageous when they wished to introduce a good (p171) system of laws and
equality of rights, but declared that the consuls and the patrician would be to blame
for the dissension if they increased the spirit of lawlessness and greed and emulated
the usual practices of tyrants. These and many like reproaches were uttered by each
side for many days and the time passed in vain; meanwhile no business in the city,
either public or private, was being brought to completion. When nothing worth while
was being accomplished, the tribunes desisted from the kind of harangues and
accusations they were wont to make against the senate; and calling an assembly of the
populace, they promised them to bring in a law embodying their demands. This
being approved of by the populace, they read without further delay the law which they
had prepared, the chief provisions of which were as follows: That ten men should be
chosen by the people meeting in a legitimate assembly, men who were at once the
oldest and the most prudent and had the greatest regard for honour and a good
reputation; that these men should draw up the laws concerning all matters both
public and private and lay them before the people; and that the laws to be drawn up
by them should be exposed in the Forum for the benefit of the magistrates who
should be chosen each year and also of persons in private station, as a code defining
the mutual rights of citizens. After the tribunes had proposed this law, they gave
leave to all who so desired to speak against it, appointing the third market-day for
this purpose. Many in fact — and those not the least important of (p173) the senators,
both old and young — did speak against the law, delivering speeches that were the
result of much thought and preparation; and this went on for many days. Then the
tribunes, chafing at the loss of time, would no longer permit the opponents of the law
to speak against it, but appointing a day for ratifying it, urged the plebeians to be
present in force, assuring them that they should not be bored by any more long
harangues but should give their votes by tribes concerning the law. After making
these promises the tribunes dismissed the assembly.
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