[10,60] Τοῦτο δὴ θεασαμένοις ἅπασιν, ὃ τῆς βασιλικῆς ἐξουσίας σημεῖον ἐνομίζετο εἶναι, πολὺ παρειστήκει δέος, ὥσπερ ἔφην, ἀπολωλεκέναι νομίζουσι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν καὶ δέκα βασιλεῖς ἑλομένοις ἀνθ´ ἑνός. τοῦτον δὲ τὸν τρόπον καταπληξάμενοι τοὺς ὄχλους οἱ δέκα ἄνδρες καὶ γνόντες, ὅτι δεῖ φόβῳ τὸ λοιπὸν αὐτῶν ἄρχειν, ἑταιρίαν ἕκαστοι συνῆγον ἐπιλεγόμενοι τοὺς θρασυτάτους τῶν νέων καὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ἐπιτηδειοτάτους. τὸ μὲν οὖν ἐκ τῶν ἀπόρων καὶ τῶν ταπεινῶν ταῖς τύχαις τοὺς πλείους φανῆναι τυραννικῆς κόλακας ἐξουσίας, τοῦ κοινοῦ συμφέροντος ἀλλαξαμένους τὰς αὑτῶν ὠφελείας, οὔτε παράδοξον οὔτ´ ἀνέλπιστον ἦν· τὸ δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν πατρικίων εὑρεθῆναι συχνοὺς ἔχοντάς τι καὶ ἐπὶ πλούτῳ καὶ ἐπ´ εὐγενείᾳ μέγα φρονεῖν τοὺς ὑπομένοντας συγκαταλύειν τοῖς δεκαδάρχοις τὴν τῆς πατρίδος ἐλευθερίαν, τοῦτο θαυμαστὸν ἅπασιν εἶναι ἐδόκει· οἱ δὲ πάσαις κολακεύοντες ἡδοναῖς, ὁπόσαι πεφύκασιν ἀνθρώπων κρατεῖν, κατὰ πολλὴν ἄδειαν ἦρχον τῆς πόλεως, βουλὴν μὲν ἢ δῆμον ἐν οὐδεμιᾷ μερίδι τιθέμενοι, πάντων δὲ αὐτοὶ νομοθέται τε καὶ δικασταὶ γινόμενοι, καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν ἀποκτιννύντες τῶν πολιτῶν, πολλοὺς δ´ ἀφαιρούμενοι τὰς οὐσίας ἀδίκως. ἵνα δ´ αὐτοῖς εὐπρεπῶς τὰ γινόμενα ἔχῃ παράνομα καὶ δεινὰ ὄντα ὡς δὴ σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ πραττόμενα, δικαστήρια ἐφ´ ἑκάστῳ χρήματι ἀπεδίδοσαν· ἦσαν δὲ οἵ τε κατήγοροι ὑπ´ αὐτῶν ἐκείνων ἐκ τῶν συγκατασκευαζόντων τὴν τυραννίδα ὑποπεμπόμενοι, καὶ τὰ δικαστήρια ἐκ τῶν ἑταίρων ἀποδεικνύμενα, οἳ διημείβοντο ἀλλήλοις καταχαριζόμενοι τὰς δίκας. πολλὰ δὲ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων καὶ οὐ τὰ ἐλαχίστου ἄξια ἐφ´ ἑαυτῶν οἱ δέκα ἔκρινον, ὥστ´ ἠναγκάζοντο οἱ μειονεκτοῦντες τῷ δικαίῳ προσνέμειν ἑαυτοὺς ταῖς ἑταιρίαις, ἐπειδὴ τὸ ἀσφαλὲς οὐκ ἐνῆν ἄλλως αὐτοῖς ἔχειν, καὶ ἐγένετο σὺν χρόνῳ πλεῖον τοῦ ὑγιαίνοντος ἐν τῇ πόλει τὸ διεφθαρμένον καὶ νοσοῦν. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἠξίουν ἔτι μένειν ἐντὸς τείχους, οἷς τὰ πραττόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν δεκαδάρχων ἀνιαρὰ ἦν, ἀλλ´ ἀνεχώρουν εἰς τοὺς ἀγροὺς τὸν τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων σκοποῦντες χρόνον ὡς ἀποθησομένων τῶν δέκα ἀνδρῶν τὰς δυναστείας, ὅταν τὸν ἐνιαύσιον ἐκτελέσωσι χρόνον, καὶ ἀποδειξόντων ἑτέρας ἀρχάς. οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἄππιον τοὺς λοιποὺς συγγράψαντες νόμους ἐν δέλτοις δυσὶ καὶ ταύτας ταῖς πρότερον ἐξενεχθείσαις προσέθηκαν· ἐν αἷς καὶ ὅδε ὁ νόμος ἦν, μὴ ἐξεῖναι τοῖς πατρικίοις πρὸς τοὺς δημοτικοὺς ἐπιγαμίας συνάψαι· δι´ οὐδὲν ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἕτερον ἢ τὸ μὴ συνελθεῖν εἰς ὁμόνοιαν τὰ ἔθνη γάμων ἐπαλλαγαῖς καὶ οἰκειοτήτων κοινωνίαις συγκερασθέντα. ὡς δὲ καὶ ὁ τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων ἐπέστη χρόνος, πολλὰ χαίρειν φράσαντες τοῖς τε πατρίοις ἐθισμοῖς καὶ τοῖς νεωστὶ γραφεῖσι νόμοις, οὔτε βουλῆς ψήφισμα ποιήσαντες οὔτε δήμου διέμειναν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀρχῆς.

[10,60] When, therefore, they all saw this token, which was considered to be a mark of the kingly power, they were in great fear, as I said, believing that they had lost their liberty and chosen ten kings instead of one. The decemvirs having by this means struck terror into the masses and made up their mind that they must rule them by fear thereafter, each of them formed a faction, choosing from among the youth those who were most daring and most attached to their persons. Now the fact that most p367men of no means and low condition showed themselves flatterers of a tyrannical power and preferred their private advantages to the public good, was neither extraordinary nor surprising; but that there were found many even of the patricians who, though they had some reason, on the basis of either wealth or birth, to feel great pride, nevertheless consented to join with the decemvirs in destroying the liberty of their country, that seemed an amazing thing to everybody. But the decemvirs, by humouring people with all the pleasures that are calculated to subdue mankind, governed the commonwealth with great ease, holding the senate and people in no account, but becoming themselves both the lawgivers and the judges in all matters, putting many of the citizens to death and stripping others of their estates unjustly. In order, however, that their acts, illegal and cruel as they were, might have a specious appearance and seem to be carried out in accordance with justice, they appointed courts to try every matter; but the accusers, chosen from among the instruments of their tyranny, were suborned by the decemvirs themselves and the courts filled with men of their factions, who gratified one another by turns in rendering their decisions. Many complaints, and those not the ones of least importance, the decemvirs decided by themselves. Hence the litigants who had less right on their side were under the necessity of attaching themselves to the factions, since they could not otherwise be sure of success; and in time the corrupted and infected element in the city became more numerous than the sound element. For those to whom the doings of the decemvirs (p369) were obnoxious would not consent even to remain any longer within the city's walls, but retired to the country while awaiting the time for the election of magistrates, in the expectation that the decemvirs would resign their power after completing their year's term and would appoint other magistrates. As for Appius and his colleagues, they caused the remaining laws to be inscribed on two tables and added them to those they had published before. Among these new laws was this one, that it should not be lawful for the patricians to contract marriages with the plebeians — a law made for no other reason, in my opinion, than to prevent the two orders from coming together in harmony when once blended together by intermarriages and ties of affinity. And when the time for the election of magistrates was at hand, the decemvirs bade a hearty farewell to both the ancestral customs and the newly-written laws, and without asking for a vote of either senate or people, continued in the same magistracy.