Texte grec :
| [6,13] Ἐν ταύτῃ λέγονται τῇ μάχῃ Ποστομίῳ τε
τῷ δικτάτορι καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὐτὸν τεταγμένοις ἱππεῖς
δύο φανῆναι, κάλλει τε καὶ μεγέθει μακρῷ κρείττους,
ὧν ἡ καθ´ ἡμᾶς φύσις ἐκφέρει, ἐναρχόμενοι γενειᾶν,
ἡγούμενοί τε τῆς Ῥωμαικῆς ἵππου καὶ τοὺς ὁμόσε
χωροῦντας τῶν Λατίνων παίοντες τοῖς δόρασι καὶ
προτροπάδην ἐλαύνοντες. καὶ μετὰ τὴν τροπὴν τῶν Λατίνων
καὶ τὴν ἅλωσιν τοῦ χάρακος αὐτῶν περὶ δείλην
ὀψίαν τὸ τέλος λαβούσης τῆς μάχης, ἐν τῇ Ῥωμαίων
ἀγορᾷ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὀφθῆναι δύο νεανίσκοι λέγονται,
πολεμικὰς ἐνδεδυκότες στολὰς μήκιστοί τε καὶ
κάλλιστοι καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἡλικίαν ἔχοντες, αὐτοί τε
φυλάττοντες ἐπὶ τῶν προσώπων ὡς ἐκ μάχης ἡκόντων
τὸ ἐναγώνιον σχῆμα, καὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἱδρῶτι διαβρόχους
ἐπαγόμενοι. ἄρσαντες δὲ τῶν ἵππων ἑκάτερον
καὶ ἀπονίψαντες ἀπὸ τῆς λιβάδος, ἣ παρὰ τὸ ἱερὸν
τῆς Ἑστίας ἀναδίδωσι λίμνην ποιοῦσα ἐμβύθιον ὀλίγην,
πολλῶν αὐτοὺς περιστάντων καὶ εἴ τι φέρουσιν
ἐπὶ κοινὸν ἀπὸ στρατοπέδου μαθεῖν ἀξιούντων, τήν
τε μάχην αὐτοῖς φράζουσιν, ὡς ἐγένετο καὶ ὅτι νικῶσιν· οὓς
μεταχωρήσαντας ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὑπ´ οὐδενὸς
ἔτι λέγουσιν ὀφθῆναι, πολλὴν ζήτησιν αὐτῶν ποιουμένου
τοῦ καταλειφθέντος τῆς πόλεως ἡγεμόνος. ὡς δὲ τῇ
κατόπιν ἡμέρᾳ τὰς παρὰ τοῦ δικτάτορος ἐπιστολὰς
ἔλαβον οἱ τῶν κοινῶν προεστῶτες, καὶ σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις
ἅπασι τοῖς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ γενομένοις καὶ τὰ περὶ τῆς
ἐπιφανείας τῶν δαιμόνων ἔμαθον, νομίσαντες τῶν
αὐτῶν θεῶν εἶναι ἄμφω τὰ φάσματα ὥσπερ εἰκὸς
Διοσκούρων ἐπείσθησαν εἶναι τὰ εἴδωλα. ταύτης ἐστὶ
τῆς παραδόξου καὶ θαυμαστῆς τῶν δαιμόνων ἐπιφανείας ἐν
Ῥώμῃ πολλὰ σημεῖα, ὅ τε νεὼς ὁ τῶν Διοσκούρων, ὃν ἐπὶ τῆς
ἀγορᾶς κατεσκεύασεν ἡ πόλις, ἔνθα ὤφθη τὰ εἴδωλα,
καὶ ἡ παρ´ αὐτῷ κρήνη καλουμένη τε τῶν θεῶν τούτων
καὶ ἱερὰ εἰς τόδε χρόνου νομιζομένη, θυσίαι τε πολυτελεῖς,
ἃς καθ´ ἕκαστον ἐνιαυτὸν ὁ δῆμος ἐπιτελεῖ διὰ τῶν μεγίστων
ἱερέων ἐν μηνὶ Κυιντιλίῳ λεγομένῳ ταῖς καλουμέναις εἰδοῖς,
ἐν ᾗ κατώρθωσαν ἡμέρᾳ τόνδε τὸν πόλεμον· ὑπὲρ
ἅπαντα δὲ ταῦτα ἡ μετὰ τὴν θυσίαν ἐπιτελουμένη
πομπὴ τῶν ἐχόντων τὸν δημόσιον ἵππον, οἳ κατὰ
φυλάς τε καὶ λόχους κεκοσμημένοι στοιχηδὸν ἐπὶ τῶν
ἵππων ὀχούμενοι πορεύονται πάντες, ὡς ἐκ μάχης ἥκοντες
ἐστεφανωμένοι θαλλοῖς ἐλαίας, καὶ πορφυρᾶς
φοινικοπαρύφους ἀμπεχόμενοι τηβέννας τὰς καλουμένας
τραβέας, ἀρξάμενοι μὲν ἀφ´ ἱεροῦ τινος Ἄρεος ἔξω
τῆς πόλεως ἱδρυμένου, διεξιόντες δὲ τήν τ´ ἄλλην
πόλιν καὶ διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς παρὰ τὸ τῶν Διοσκούρων
ἱερὸν παρερχόμενοι, ἄνδρες ἔστιν ὅτε καὶ πεντακισχίλιοι
φέροντες, ὅσα παρὰ τῶν ἡγεμόνων ἀριστεῖα ἔλαβον ἐν
ταῖς μάχαις, καλὴ καὶ ἀξία τοῦ μεγέθους τῆς
ἡγεμονίας ὄψις. ταῦτα μὲν ὑπὲρ τῆς γενομένης ἐπιφανείας
τῶν Διοσκούρων λεγόμενά τε καὶ πραττόμενα
ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἔμαθον· ἐξ ὧν τεκμήραιτ´ ἄν τις, ὡς
θεοφιλεῖς ἦσαν οἱ τότε ἄνθρωποι, σὺν ἄλλοις πολλοῖς
καὶ μεγάλοις.
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Traduction française :
| [6,13] It is said that in this battle two men on horseback, far excelling in both beauty
and stature those our human stock produces, and just growing their first beard,
appeared to Postumius, the dictator, and to those arrayed about him, and charged at
the head of the Roman horse, striking with their spears all the Latins they
encountered and driving them headlong before them. And after the flight of the
Latins and the capture of their camp, the battle having come to an end in the late
afternoon, two youths are said to have appeared in the same manner in the Roman
Forum attired in military garb, very tall and beautiful and of the same age,
themselves retaining on their countenances as having come from a battle, the look of
combatants, and the horses they led being all in a sweat. And when they had each of
them watered their horses and washed them at the fountain which rises near the
temple of Vesta and (p279) forms a small but deep pool, and many people stood about
them and inquired if they brought any news from the camp, they related how the
battle had gone and that the Romans were the victors. And it is said that after they
left the Forum they were not seen again by anyone, though great search was made for
them by the man who had been left in command of the city. The next day, when
those at the head of affairs received the letters from the dictator, and besides the
other particulars of the battle, learned also of the appearance of the divinities, they
concluded, as we may reasonably infer, that it was the same gods who had appeared
in both places, and were convinced that the apparitions had been those of Castor and
Pollux.
Of this extraordinary and wonderful appearance of these gods there are many
monuments at Rome, not only the temple of Castor and Pollux which the city erected
in the Forum at the place where their apparitions had been seen, and the adjacent
fountain, which bears the names of these gods and is to this day regarded as holy,
but also the costly sacrifices which the people perform each year through their chief
priests in the month called Quintilis, on the day known as the Ides, the day on which
they gained this victory. But above all these things there is the procession performed
after the sacrifice by those who have a public horse and who, being arrayed by tribes
and centuries, ride in regular ranks (p281) on horseback, as if they came from battle,
crowned with olive branches and attired in the purple robes with stripes of scarlet
which they call trabeae. They begin their procession from a certain temple of Mars
built outside the walls, and going through several parts of the city and the Forum,
they pass by the temple of Castor and Pollux, sometimes to the number even of five
thousand, wearing whatever rewards for valour in battle they have received from
their commanders, a fine sight and worthy of the greatness of the Roman dominion.
These are the things I have found both related and performed by the Romans in
commemoration of the appearance of Castor and Pollux; and from these, as well as
from many other important instances, one may judge how dear to the gods were the
men of those times.
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