Texte grec :
| [6,58] Ὃς ἀναστὰς πρῶτον ὑπεμίμνησκε τὴν βουλὴν τῶν
ἰδίων πολιτευμάτων, καὶ ὅτι πολλάκις αὐτοῦ
προλέγοντος τὰ μέλλοντα συμβήσεσθαι δεινὰ δι´ ὀλιγωρίας
ἐποιήσαντο τοὺς λόγους· ἔπειτα ἠξίου τοὺς
ἐναντιουμένους ταῖς διαλλαγαῖς μὴ περὶ τῶν μετρίων
νῦν ζητεῖν, ἀλλ´ ἐπεὶ τὴν στάσιν οὐκ εἴασαν ἐξαιρεθῆναι,
ἡνίκα μικρὰ ἦν ἔτι τῇ πόλει τὰ διαφέροντα,
νῦν γέ τοι σκοπεῖν, ὅπως διὰ ταχέων παύσεται καὶ μὴ
προελθοῦσα ἔτι πορρωτέρω λήσει τάχα μὲν ἀνίατος,
εἰ δὲ μὴ δυσίατος καὶ πολλῶν αἰτία σφίσι γενομένη
κακῶν· τήν τε ἀξίωσιν τῶν δημοτικῶν οὐκέτι τὴν
αὐτὴν ἀπέφαινεν ἐσομένην τῇ προτέρᾳ, οὐδ´ ἐπὶ τοῖς
αὐτοῖς εἴκαζε συμβήσεσθαι τὸν δῆμον ἀπαλλαγὴν μόνον
τῶν χρεῶν αἰτούμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ βοηθείας δεήσεσθαί τινος
ἴσως, ἀφ´ ἧς εἰς τὸν λοιπὸν χρόνον ἀσφαλὴς διατελέσει·
καταλελύσθαι μὲν γὰρ ἀφ´ οὗ παρῆλθεν ἡ τοῦ δικτάτορος
ἀρχὴ τὸν φύλακα τῆς ἐλευθερίας
αὐτοῦ νόμον, ὃς οὔτε ἀποκτείνειν πολίτην ἄκριτον
οὐδένα συνεχώρει τοῖς ὑπάτοις, οὐδέ γε τοὺς παρὰ
τῇ κρίσει ἐλαττουμένους ὑπὸ τῶν πατρικίων δημοτικοὺς
παραδίδοσθαι τοῖς καταδικασαμένοις, ἔφεσιν δὲ
τοῖς βουλομένοις ἐδίδου μεταφέρειν τὰς κρίσεις ἐπὶ
τὸν δῆμον ἀπὸ τῶν πατρικίων καὶ ὅ τι ἂν ὁ δῆμος
γνῷ, τοῦτ´ εἶναι κύριον· ἀφῃρῆσθαι δὲ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην
ἐξουσίαν τῶν δημοτικῶν ὀλίγου δεῖν πᾶσαν, ἧς ἐν τοῖς
προτέροις χρόνοις ἦσαν κύριοι, ὅπου γε καὶ τὸν ἐκ
τῶν πολέμων θρίαμβον οὐκ ἐξεγένετο αὐτοῖς εὑρέσθαι
παρὰ τῆς βουλῆς ἀνδρὶ παρ´ ὁντιναοῦν ἄλλον ἐπιτηδείῳ
ταύτης τυχεῖν τῆς τιμῆς, Ποπλίῳ Σερουιλίῳ
Πρίσκῳ. ἐφ´ οἷς εἰκός τι πάσχοντας τοὺς πολλοὺς
ἀθυμεῖν καὶ πονηρὰς ἔχειν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀσφαλείας ἐλπίδας,
ἐπειδὴ οὔτε ὑπάτῳ οὔτε δικτάτορι κήδεσθαι αὐτῶν
βουλομένοις ἐξεγένετο, ἀλλὰ καὶ προσαπήλαυσέ τις
αὐτῶν ὕβρεως καὶ ἀτιμίας διὰ τὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν πολλῶν
σπουδὴν καὶ πρόνοιαν. ταῦτα δ´ ἀπειργάσθαι συγκύψαντας
οὐ τοὺς χαριεστάτους τῶν πατρικίων, ὑβριστὰς
δέ τινας καὶ πλεονέκτας περὶ χρηματισμὸν ἄδικον δεινῶς
ἐσπουδακότας, οἳ πρὸς πολὺ διάφορον καὶ ἐπὶ
μεγάλοις δανεισθὲν τόκοις πολλὰ καταδουλωσάμενοι
πολιτῶν σώματα, τούτοις τ´ ὠμὰς καὶ ὑπερηφάνους
ἀνάγκας προσφέροντες, ἀλλότριον ἐποίησαν γενέσθαι
τῆς ἀριστοκρατίας ἅπαν τὸ δημοτικόν, ἑταιρίαν τε
συστησάμενοι καὶ ταύτης ἀναδείξαντες Ἄππιον Κλαύδιον
ἡγεμόνα, μισόδημον ἄνδρα καὶ ὀλιγαρχικόν, δι´
ἐκείνου πάντα φύρουσι τὰ πράγματα τῆς πόλεως. οἷς εἰ
μὴ τὸ σωφρονοῦν μέρος τῆς βουλῆς ἐμποδὼν στήσεται,
κινδυνεύειν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ τινος καὶ κατασκαφῆς
τὴν πόλιν. τελευτῶν δ´ ἀπεφήνατο συνδοκεῖν τῇ Μενηνίου
χρῆσθαι γνώμῃ, καὶ τὴν πρεσβείαν ἠξίου πέμπειν διὰ
ταχέων· τοὺς δ´ ἄνδρας ἀφικομένους πειρᾶσθαι μὲν ὡς
βούλονται καταλύσασθαι τὴν στάσιν, εἰ
δὲ μὴ διδοίη τις αὐτοῖς, ἃ βούλονται, δέχεσθαι τὰ διδόμενα.
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Traduction française :
| [6,58] He, rising up, first called the attention of the senate to the policies he himself had
pursued and reminded them that, though he had often foretold the dangers they
would incur, they had made light of his predictions. He then requested that those who
opposed the accommodation should not at this time inquire into the reasonableness
of the terms, but, since they had been unwilling to allow the sedition to be appeased
while the disputes in the state were still unimportant, that they would now at least
consider by what means it might be speedily terminated and might not, by going on
still further, insensibly become perhaps incurable, or in any case hard to be cured,
and the cause of great evils to them. He told them that the demands of the plebeians
would no longer be the same as before, and he did not imagine that the people would
enter into a compact upon the same terms, asking merely for an abolition of their
debts, but that they would possibly call for some assistance also, by which they might
(p29) for the future live in safety. For since the institution of the dictatorship, he said,
the law that safeguarded their liberty had been abolished, the law which allowed no
citizen to be put to death by the consuls without a trial, nor any of the plebeians who
had been tried and condemned by the patricians, to be delivered up to those who had
condemned them, but granted to those who desired it the right of appealing the
decisions from the patricians to the people, and that the judgment of the people
should be final. He added that almost all the other privileges enjoyed in former times
by the plebeians had been taken away, since they had been unable to obtain from the
senate even the usual military triumph for Publius Servilius Priscus, who had
deserved this honour more than any other man. At this, he said, most of the people
were distressed, as was to be expected, and entertained slender hopes of their
security, since neither a consul nor a dictator had been able, even when they wished,
to take care of their interests, but the zeal and care they showed for the people had
actually gained for some of them abuse and ignominy. He declared that these things
had been brought about by plotting, not on the part of the more cultivated men
among the patricians, but on the part of some insolent and avaricious men
desperately eager for unjust gain, who, having advanced a large amount of money at a
high rate of interest and made slaves of many of their fellow-citizens, had, by treating
these with cruel and arrogant harshness, alienated the whole (p31) body of the plebeians
from the aristocracy, and having formed a faction and place at the head of it Appius
Claudius, an enemy of the people and a champion of oligarchy, were through him
throwing all the affairs of the commonwealth into confusion; and he declared that if
the sober part of the senate did not oppose these men, the state was in danger of
being enslaved and destroyed. He ended by saying that he concurred in the opinion of
Menenius, and asked that the envoys might be sent immediately, and that upon
arriving they should endeavour to appease the sedition upon such terms as they
desired, but if these were not granted, they should accept such as were offered.
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