[5,66] Τοιαῦτα τοῦ Οὐαλερίου λέγοντος καὶ πολλῶν τὴν γνώμην ἐπαινούντων Ἄππιος Κλαύδιος Σαβῖνος ἐν τῷ προσήκοντι κληθεὶς τόπῳ τἀναντία παρῄνει διδάσκων, ὅτι τὸ στασιάζον οὐκ ἐξαιρεθήσεται τῆς πόλεως, ἐὰν ψηφίσωνται χρεῶν ἀποκοπάς, ἀλλ´ ἔτι πονηρότερον ἔσται μεταχθὲν ἀπὸ τῶν πενήτων εἰς τοὺς εὐπόρους. δῆλον γὰρ δὴ πᾶσιν ὑπάρχειν, ὅτι χαλεπῶς οἴσουσιν οἱ μέλλοντες ἀποστερεῖσθαι τῶν χρημάτων πολῖταί τ´ ὄντες καὶ ἐπίτιμοι καὶ πάσας ἐστρατευμένοι τὰς ἐπιβαλούσας ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως στρατείας, οὐδ´ ἀξιοῦντες ἃ κατέλιπον αὐτοῖς οἱ πατέρες καὶ αὐτοὶ φιλεργοῦντες καὶ σωφρόνως ζῶντες ἐκτήσαντο δημεύεσθαι τοῖς πονηροτάτοις καὶ ἀργοτάτοις τῶν πολιτῶν. πολλῆς δ´ εἶναι μωρίας ἔργον τῷ χείρονι μέρει τοῦ πολιτεύματος χαρίζεσθαι βουλομένους τοῦ κρείττονος ὑπερορᾶν καὶ τοῖς ἀδικωτάτοις τῶν πολιτῶν τὰς ἀλλοτρίας δημεύοντας οὐσίας τῶν δικαίως αὐτὰς κτησαμένων ἀφαιρεῖσθαι. ἐνθυμεῖσθαί τ´ αὐτοὺς ἠξίου, ὅτι οὐχ ὑπὸ τῶν πενήτων καὶ οὐδεμίαν ἰσχὺν ἐχόντων αἱ πόλεις ἀπόλλυνται τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἀναγκαζομένων, ἀλλ´ ὑπὸ τῶν εὐπόρων καὶ τὰ πολιτικὰ πράττειν δυναμένων, ὅταν ὑπὸ τῶν χειρόνων ὑβρίζωνται καὶ τῶν δικαίων μὴ τυγχάνωσιν. εἰ δὲ μηδὲν ἀγανακτήσειν μέλλοιεν οἱ τῶν συμβολαίων ἀποστερούμενοι, πρᾴως δέ πως καὶ ῥᾳθύμως οἴσειν τὰς βλάβας, οὐδ´ οὕτως ἔφη καλῶς ἕξειν σφίσιν οὐδ´ ἀσφαλῶς δωρεὰν τοῖς πένησι χαρίζεσθαι τοιαύτην, δι´ ἣν ἀσυνάλλακτος ὁ κοινὸς ἔσται βίος καὶ μισάλληλος καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων χρειῶν, ὧν χωρὶς οὐκ ἔνεστιν οἰκεῖσθαι τὰς πόλεις, ἐνδεής, οὔτε τὴν χώραν σπειρόντων ἔτι καὶ φυτευόντων τῶν γεωργῶν, οὔτε τὴν θάλατταν πλεόντων καὶ διαμειβομένων τὰς διαποντίους ἀγορὰς τῶν ἐμπόρων, οὔτε ἄλλην ἐργασίαν οὐδεμίαν δικαίαν ποιουμένων τῶν πενήτων. εἰς ἅπαντα γὰρ ταῦτα τοῖς δεομένοις ἀφορμῆς οὐδένα τῶν εὐπόρων τὰ ἑαυτοῦ χρήματα προήσεσθαι· ἐκ δὲ τούτων φθονήσεσθαι μὲν εὐπορίαν, καταλυθήσεσθαι δὲ φιλεργίαν, κρείττω δὲ μοῖραν ἕξειν τοὺς ἀκολάστους τῶν σωφρόνων, τοὺς δ´ ἀδίκους τῶν δικαίων καὶ τοὺς σφετεριζομένους τἀλλότρια τῶν φυλαττόντων τὰ ἴδια. ταῦτα δ´ εἶναι τὰ ποιοῦντα διχοστασίας ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι καὶ ἀλληλοφθορίας ἀπαύστους καὶ πᾶσαν ἄλλην κακῶν ἰδέαν, ὑφ´ ὧν αἱ μὲν εὐτυχέστατα πράξασαι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἀφῃρέθησαν, αἱ δὲ τῆς χείρονος μοίρας τυχοῦσαι πανώλεθροι διεφθάρησαν.

[5,66] After Valerius had spoken to this effect and many had approved of his advice, Appius Claudius Sabinus, being called upon at the proper time, advised the opposite course, declaring that the seditious spirit would not be removed from the state if they decreed an abolition of debts, but would become more dangerous by being transferred from the poor to the rich. For it was plain enough to everyone that those who were to be deprived of their (p199) money would resent it, as they were not only citizens in possession of all civil rights, but had also served their country in all the campaigns that fell to their lot, and would regard it as unjust that the money left them by their fathers, together with what they themselves had by their industry and frugality acquired, should be confiscated for the benefit of the most unprincipled and the laziest of the citizens. It would be the part of great folly for them, in their desire to gratify the worse part of the citizenry, to disregard the better element, and in confiscating the fortunes of others for the benefit of the most unjust of the citizens, to take them away from those who had justly acquired them. He asked them also to bear in mind that states are not overthrown by those who are poor and without power, when they are compelled to do justice, but by the rich and such as are capable of administering public affairs, when they are insulted by their inferiors and fail to keep justice. And even if those who were to be deprived of the benefit of their contracts were not going to harbour any resentment but would submit with some degree of meekness and indifference to their losses, yet even in that case, he said, it would be neither honourable nor safe for them to gratify the poor with such a gift, by which the life of the community would be devoid of all intercourse, full of mutual hatred, and lacking in the necessary employments without which cities cannot be inhabited, since neither the husbandmen would any longer sow and plant their lands, nor the merchants sail the sea and trade in foreign markets, nor the poor employ themselves in any other just occupation. For none of the rich would throw away their money to supply those (p201) who needed the means of carrying on any of these occupations; and in consequence wealth would be hated and industry destroyed, and the prodigal would be in a better condition than the frugal, the unjust than the just, and those who appropriated to themselves the fortunes of others would have the advantage over those who guarded their own. These were the things that created seditions in states, mutual slaughter without end, and every other sort of mischief, by which the most prosperous of them had lost their liberty and those whose lot was less fortunate had been totally destroyed.