[5,64] Ἦν δ´ ὁ ταύτης ἡγούμενος τῆς γνώμης Μάρκος Οὐαλέριος, υἱὸς Ποπλίου Οὐαλερίου, ἑνὸς τῶν καταλυσάντων τὴν τυραννίδα, τοῦ κληθέντος διὰ τὴν εἰς τὸ δημοτικὸν εὔνοιαν Ποπλικόλα, διδάσκων αὐτούς, ὅτι τοῖς μὲν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἴσων ἀγωνιζομένοις ἴσαι φιλοῦσιν ἐμφύεσθαι πρὸς τὰ ἔργα φιλοτιμίαι, τοῖς δὲ μηδὲν ἀπολαύειν μέλλουσιν ἀγαθὸν οὐδὲν ἐπέρχεται φρονεῖν γενναῖον· ἠρεθίσθαι τε λέγων ἅπαντας τοὺς ἀπόρους καὶ περιιόντας κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν λέγειν· Τί δ´ ἡμῖν ἔσται πλέον, ἐὰν νικήσωμεν τοὺς ἔξωθεν πολεμίους, εἰ τοῖς δανεισταῖς ἀγώγιμοι πρὸς τὰ χρέα γενησόμεθα καὶ τῇ πόλει τὴν ἡγεμονίαν κατασκευάσαντες αὐτοὶ μηδὲ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν τοῖς σώμασι φυλάξαι δυνησόμεθα; κίνδυνόν τ´ οὐ τοῦτον μόνον ἐπαχθῆναι σφίσιν ἀποφαίνων, ἐὰν ἐκπολεμωθῇ πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν ὁ δῆμος, μὴ καταλίπῃ τὴν πόλιν ἐν τοῖς κινδύνοις, ὃ πάντας ὀρρωδεῖν χρὴ τοὺς τὰ κοινὰ σώζεσθαι βουλομένους, ἀλλὰ κἀκεῖνον τὸν ἔτι τούτου χαλεπώτερον, μὴ ταῖς παρὰ τῶν τυράννων φιλανθρωπίαις ἐξαπατηθεὶς κατὰ τῶν πατρικίων ἄρηται τὰ ὅπλα καὶ συγκαταγάγῃ Ταρκύνιον ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν. ἕως οὖν ἔτι λόγους καὶ ἀπειλὰς εἶναι, πονηρὸν δ´ ἔργον μηδὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου γεγονέναι, φθάσαι τῇ βοηθείᾳ ταύτῃ τὸν δῆμον εἰς τὰ πράγματα προοικειωσαμένους παρῄνει, οὔτε πρώτους τὸ πολίτευμα τοῦτο καθισταμένους οὔτε αἰσχύνην τινὰ δι´ αὐτὸ μεγάλην ὀφλήσοντας, ἀλλὰ πολλοὺς ἔχοντας ἐπιδεῖξαι καὶ τοῦτο ὑπομείναντας καὶ ἄλλα πολλῷ τούτου χαλεπώτερα, ὅταν μηθὲν ἐξῇ πράττειν ἕτερον· τὰς γὰρ ἀνάγκας κρείττους εἶναι τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως, καὶ τὸ εὐπρεπὲς τότε ἀξιοῦν ἅπαντας σκοπεῖν, ὅταν ἔχωσιν ἤδη τὸ ἀσφαλές.

[5,64] The author of this advice was Marcus Valerius, the son of Publius Valerius, one of those who had overthrown the tyranny and from his goodwill toward the common people had been called Publicola. He showed them that those who fight for equal rewards are apt to be inspired to action by an equal spirit of emulation, whereas it never occurs to those who are to reap no advantage to entertain any thought of bravery. He said that all the poor people were exasperated and were going about the Forum saying: "What advantage shall we gain by overcoming our foreign enemies if we are liable to be haled to prison for debt by the money-lenders, or by gaining the leadership for the commonwealth if we ourselves cannot maintain even the liberty of our own persons?" He then showed them that this was not the only danger which had been brought (p193) upon them in case the people should become hostile to the senate, namely, that they would abandon the city in the midst of its perils — a possibility at which all who desired the preservation of the commonwealth must shudder — but that there was the further danger, still more formidable than this, that, seduced by favours from the tyrants, they might take up arms against the patricians and aid in restoring Tarquinius to power. Accordingly, while it was still only a matter of words and threats, and no mischievous deed had been committed by the people as yet, he advised them to act in time and reconcile the people to the situation by affording them this relief; for they were neither the first to adopt such a measure nor would they incur any great disgrace on account of it, but could point to many others who had submitted, not only to this, but to other demands much more grievous, when they had no alternative. For necessity, he said, is stronger than human nature, and people insist on considering appearances only when they have already gained safety.