Texte grec :
| [3,21] Ἔδει δὲ ἄρα καὶ τοῦτον ἄνθρωπον ὄντα μὴ
πάντα διευτυχεῖν, ἀλλ´ ἀπολαῦσαί τι τοῦ φθονεροῦ
δαίμονος, ὃς αὐτὸν ἐκ μικροῦ μέγαν ἐν ὀλίγῳ θεὶς
χρόνῳ καὶ εἰς ἐπιφάνειαν θαυμαστὴν καὶ παράδοξον
ἐξάρας κατέβαλε φέρων αὐθημερὸν εἰς ἄχαριν συμφορὰν
ἀδελφοκτόνον. ὡς γὰρ ἐγγὺς ἐγένετο τῶν πυλῶν,
ἄλλον τε ὄχλον ὁρᾷ παντοδαπὸν ἐκχεόμενον ἐκ
τῆς πόλεως καὶ δὴ καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν προστρέχουσαν·
διαταραχθεὶς δὲ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ὄψιν, ὅτι καταλιποῦσα
τὴν μετὰ μητρὸς οἰκουρίαν παρθένος ἐπίγαμος
εἰς ὄχλον αὑτὴν ἔδωκεν ἀγνῶτα, καὶ πολλοὺς λαμβάνων
λογισμοὺς ἀτόπους τελευτῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐπιεικεῖς
καὶ φιλανθρώπους ἀπέκλινεν, ὡς ἀσπάσασθαί τε
πρώτη τὸν σωθέντα ἀδελφὸν ποθοῦσα καὶ τὰς ἀρετὰς
τῶν τεθνηκότων παρ´ αὐτοῦ μαθεῖν βουλομένη
τῶν εὐσχημόνων ὑπερίδοι γυναικεῖόν τι πάσχουσα.
ἡ δὲ ἄρα οὐ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ποθοῦσα τὰς ἀσυνήθεις
ἐτόλμησεν ἐξελθεῖν ὁδούς, ἀλλ´ ἔρωτι κρατουμένη
τῶν ἀνεψιῶν ἑνός, ᾧ καθωμολόγητο ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς
ἐπὶ γάμῳ, καὶ κρύπτουσα τὸ πάθος ἀπόρρητον ἐπειδὴ
{δὲ} τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τινὸς ἤκουσεν ἀπαγγέλλοντος
τὰ περὶ τὴν μάχην, οὐκέτι κατέσχεν, ἀλλ´
ἐκλιποῦσα τὴν οἰκίαν ὥσπερ αἱ μαινάδες ἐφέρετο
πρὸς τὰς πύλας οὐδὲν ἐπιστρεφομένη τῆς ἀνακαλούσης
τε καὶ μεταδιωκούσης τροφοῦ. ἔξω δὲ γενομένη
τῆς πόλεως ὡς τὸν ἀδελφὸν εἶδε περιχαρῆ τοὺς ἐπινικίους
ἐπικείμενον στεφάνους, οἷς αὐτὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς
ἀνέδησε, καὶ τοὺς ἑταίρους αὐτοῦ φέροντας τὰ τῶν
πεφονευμένων σκῦλα, ἐν οἷς ἦν πέπλος ποικίλος, ὃν
αὐτὴ μετὰ τῆς μητρὸς ἐξυφήνασα τῷ μνηστῆρι δῶρον
εἰς τὸν μέλλοντα γάμον ἀπεστάλκει (ποικίλους γὰρ
ἔθος ἐστὶν ἀμφιέννυσθαι πέπλους Λατίνων τοῖς μετιοῦσι
τὰς νύμφας), τοῦτον δὴ τὸν πέπλον θεασαμένη
πεφυρμένον αἵματι τόν τε χιτῶνα κατερρήξατο καὶ
ταῖς χερσὶν ἀμφοτέραις παίουσα τὸ στῆθος ἐθρήνει
καὶ ἀνεκαλεῖτο τὸν ἀνεψιόν, ὥστε πολλὴν κατάπληξιν
εἰσελθεῖν ἅπαντας ὅσοι κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν ἦσαν τόπον.
ἀνακλαυσαμένη δὲ τὸν μόρον τοῦ μνηστῆρος ἀτενέσι
τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς εἰς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὁρᾷ καὶ λέγει· Μιαρώτατε
ἄνθρωπε, χαίρεις ἀποκτείνας τοὺς ἀνεψιοὺς κἀμὲ
τὴν παναθλίαν ἀδελφὴν ἀποστερήσας γάμου, ὦ δύστηνε!
ἀλλ´ οὐδ´ ἔλεος εἰσέρχεταί σε τῶν ἀπολωλότων
συγγενῶν, οὓς ἀδελφοὺς ἐκάλεις, ἀλλ´ ὥσπερ
ἀγαθόν τι διαπεπραγμένος ἐξέστηκας τῶν φρενῶν
ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ στεφάνους ἐπὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις ἐπίκεισαι
κακοῖς τίνος ἔχων ψυχὴν θηρίου; κἀκεῖνος
ὑπολαβών, Φιλοῦντος, ἔφη, τὴν πατρίδα πολίτου
καὶ τοὺς κακῶς αὐτῇ βουλομένους κολάζοντος, ἐάν τε
ἀλλότριοι τύχωσιν αὐτῆς ὄντες, ἐάν τε οἰκεῖοι· ἐν οἷς
τίθεμαι καὶ σέ, ἥτις ἑνὶ καιρῷ τὰ μέγιστα ἀγαθῶν τε
καὶ κακῶν συμβεβηκότα ἡμῖν ἐπιγνοῦσα τήν τε νίκην
τῆς πατρίδος, ἣν ὁ σὸς ἀδελφὸς ἐγὼ πάρειμι κατάγων,
καὶ τὸν θάνατον τῶν ἀδελφῶν οὐκ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς,
ὦ μιαρὰ σύ, τοῖς κοινοῖς τῆς πατρίδος χαίρεις οὔτ´ ἐπὶ
ταῖς συμφοραῖς ταῖς ἰδίαις τῆς οἰκίας ἀλγεῖς, ἀλλ´
ὑπεριδοῦσα τῶν σεαυτῆς ἀδελφῶν τὸν τοῦ μνηστῆρος
ἀνακλαίεις μόρον, οὐδ´ ὑπὸ τοῦ σκότους ἀποφθαρεῖσά
που κατὰ μόνας, ἀλλ´ ἐν τοῖς ἁπάντων ὀφθαλμοῖς,
καί μοι τὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ τοὺς στεφάνους ὀνειδίζεις, ὦ
ψευδοπάρθενε καὶ μισάδελφε καὶ ἀναξία τῶν προγόνων.
ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν οὐ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς πενθεῖς, ἀλλὰ
τοὺς ἀνεψιούς, καὶ τὸ μὲν σῶμα ἐν τοῖς ζῶσιν ἔχεις,
τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν παρὰ τῷ νεκρῷ, ἄπιθι πρὸς ἐκεῖνον
ὃν ἀνακαλῇ καὶ μήτε τὸν πατέρα μήτε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς
καταίσχυνε. ταῦτ´ εἰπὼν οὐκ ἐφύλαξεν ἐν τῷ μισοπονήρῳ
τὸ μέτριον, ἀλλ´ ὡς εἶχεν ὀργῆς ὠθεῖ διὰ τῶν
πλευρῶν αὐτῆς τὸ ξίφος, ἀποκτείνας δὲ τὴν ἀδελφὴν
παρῆν ὡς τὸν πατέρα. οὕτω δὲ ἄρα μισοπόνηρα καὶ
αὐθάδη τὰ τῶν τότε Ῥωμαίων ἤθη καὶ φρονήματα ἦν
καί, εἴ τις αὐτὰ βούλοιτο παρὰ τὰ νῦν ἔργα καὶ τοὺς
ἐφ´ ἡμῶν ἐξετάζειν βίους, ὠμὰ καὶ σκληρὰ καὶ τῆς
θηριώδους οὐ πολὺ ἀπέχοντα φύσεως, ὥστε πάθος
οὕτω δεινὸν ὁ πατὴρ ἀκούσας οὐχ ὅπως ἠγανάκτησεν,
ἀλλὰ καλῶς καὶ προσηκόντως ὑπέλαβε τὸ πραχθὲν
ἔχειν· ὅς γε οὔτε εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν εἴασεν εἰσενεχθῆναι
τὸν νεκρὸν τῆς θυγατρὸς οὔτ´ ἐν τοῖς πατρῴοις
τεθῆναι μνήμασιν ἐπέτρεψεν οὔτε κηδείας καὶ περιστολῆς
καὶ τῶν ἄλλων νομίμων μεταλαβεῖν, ἀλλ´ οἱ
παριόντες αὐτὴν ἐρριμμένην ἐν ᾧ διεχρήσθη χωρίῳ
λίθους ἐπιφοροῦντες καὶ γῆν ἐκήδευσαν ὡς πτῶμα
ἔρημον κηδομένων. ταῦτά τε δὴ στερρὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς
καὶ ἔτι πρὸς τούτοις, ἃ μέλλω λέγειν· ὡς γὰρ ἐπὶ
καλοῖς τε καὶ εὐτυχέσιν ἔργοις αὐθημερὸν ἔθυε τοῖς
πατρῴοις θεοῖς ἃς εὔξατο θυσίας καὶ τοὺς συγγενεῖς
ἑστιάσει λαμπρᾷ τε καὶ *καθάπερ ἐν ταῖς μεγίσταις
ἑορταῖς ὑπεδέχετο ἐλάττους ἡγούμενος τὰς ἰδίας συμφορὰς
τῶν κοινῶν τῆς πατρίδος ἀγαθῶν. τοῦτο δ´
οὐ μόνον ὁ Ὁράτιος, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετ´ ἐκεῖνον ἄλλοι
συχνοὶ Ῥωμαίων μνημονεύονται ποιήσαντες ἄνδρες
ἐπιφανεῖς· λέγω δὲ τὸ θύειν καὶ στεφανηφορεῖν καὶ
θριάμβους κατάγειν τέκνων αὐτοῖς ἀπολωλότων ἔναγχος,
ὅταν εὐτυχήσῃ δι´ αὐτοὺς τὸ κοινόν· ὑπὲρ ὧν
κατὰ τοὺς οἰκείους ἐρῶ καιρούς.
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Traduction française :
| [3,21] But it was ordained after all that even he, as he was but a mortal, should not be
fortunate in everything, but should feel some stroke of the envious god who, having
from an insignificant man made him great in a brief moment of time and raised him
to wonderful and unexpected distinction, plunged him the same day into the unhappy
state of being his sister's murderer. For when he arrived near the gates he saw a
multitude of people of all conditions pouring out from the city and among them his
sister running to meet him. At the first sight of her he was (p81) distressed that a virgin
ripe for marriage should have deserted her household tasks at her mother's side and
joined a crowd of strangers. And though he indulged in many absurd reflections, he
was at last inclining to those which were honourable and generous, feeling that in her
yearning to be the first to embrace her surviving brother and in her desire to receive
an account from him of the gallant behaviour of her dead brothers she had
disregarded decorum in a moment of feminine weakness. However, it was not, after
all, her yearning for her brothers that had led her to venture forth in this unusual
manner, but it was because she was overpowered by love for one of her cousins to
whom her father had promised her in marriage, a passion which she had till then kept
secret; and when she had overheard a man who came from the camp relating the
details of the combat, she could no longer contain herself, but leaving the house,
rushed to the city gates like a maenad, without paying any heed to her nurse who
called her and ran to bring her back. But when she got outside the city and saw her
brother exulting and wearing the garlands of victory with which the king had crowned
him, and his friends carrying the spoils of the slain, among which was an
embroidered robe which she herself with the assistance of her mother had woven and
sent as a present to her betrothed against their nuptial day (for it is the custom of the
Latins to array themselves in embroidered robes when they go to fetch their brides),
when, therefore, she saw this robe stained with blood, she rent her garment, and
beating (p83) her breast with both hands, fell to lamenting and calling upon her cousin
by name, so that great astonishment came upon all who were present there. After
she had bewailed the death of her betrothed she stared with fixed gaze at her brother
and said: "Most abominable wretch, so you rejoice in having slain your cousins and
deprived your most unhappy sister of wedlock! Miserable fellow! Why, you are not
even touched with pity for your slain kinsmen, whom you were wont to call your
brothers, but instead, as if you had performed some noble deed, you are beside
yourself with joy and wear garlands in honour of such calamities. Of what wild beast,
then, have you the heart?"And he, answering her, said: "The heart of a citizen who
loves his country and punishes those who wish her ill, whether they happen to be
foreigners or his own people. And among such I count even you; for though you know
that the greatest of blessings and of woes have happened to us at one and the same
time I mean the victory of your country, which I, your brother, am bringing home
with me, and the death of your brothers you neither rejoice in the public happiness
of your country, wicked wretch, nor grieve at the private calamities of your own
family, but, overlooking your own brothers, you lament the fate of your betrothed,
and this, too, not after taking yourself off somewhere alone under cover of darkness,
curse you! but beforeº the eyes of the whole world; and you reproach me for my
valour and my crowns of victory, you pretender to virginity, you hater of your
brothers and disgrace to your ancestors! Since, therefore, you mourn, (p85) not for your
brothers, but for your cousins, and since, though your body is with the living, your
soul is with him who is dead, go to him on whom you call and cease to dishonour
either your father or your brothers."
After these words, being unable in his hatred of baseness to observe moderation, but
yielding to the anger which swayed him, he ran his sword through her side; and
having slain his sister, he went to his father. But so averse to baseness and so stern
were the manners and thoughts of the Romans of that day and, to compare them with
the actions and lives of those of our age, so cruel and harsh and so little removed from
the savagery of wild beasts, that the father, upon being informed of this terrible
calamity, far from resenting it, looked upon it as a glorious and becoming action. In
fact, he would neither permit his daughter's body to be brought into the house nor
allow her to be buried in the tomb of her ancestors or given any funeral or burial robe
or other customary rites; but as she lay there where she had been cast, in the place
where she was slain, the passers-by, bringing stones and earth, buried her like any
corpse which had none to give it proper burial. Besides these instances of the father's
severity there were still others that I shall mention. Thus, as if in gratitude for some
glorious and fortunate achievements, he offered that very day to the gods of his
ancestors the sacrifices he had vowed, and entertained his relations at a splendid
banquet, just as upon the greatest (p87) festivals, making less account of his private
calamities than of the public advantages of his country. 10This not only Horatius but
many other prominent Romans after him are said to have done; I refer to their
offering sacrifice and wearing crowns and celebrating triumphs immediately after the
death of their sons when through them the commonwealth had met with good
fortune. Of these I shall make mention in the proper places.
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