Texte grec :
| [3,11] Τοιαῦτα τοῦ Φουφεττίου λέξαντος παραλαβὼν
ὁ Τύλλος τὸν λόγον εἶπε· Τὸ μὲν ἐκ φύσεως
καὶ προγόνων ἀρετῆς δίκαιον, ὦ Φουφέττιε καὶ
ὑμεῖς ἄνδρες Ἀλβανοί, κοινὸν ἀμφοτέροις ἡμῖν· τοὺς
αὐτοὺς γὰρ εὐχόμεθα προγόνους ἑκάτεροι, ὥστε
οὐδὲν δεῖ τούτου χάριν οὔτε πλέον ἡμῶν ἔχειν τοὺς
ἑτέρους οὔτ´ ἔλαττον. τὸ δὲ ἄρχειν ἐκ παντὸς τῶν
ἀποικιῶν τὰς μητροπόλεις ὡς ἀναγκαῖόν τι φύσεως
νόμιμον οὔτε ἀληθὲς οὔτε δίκαιον ἠξιοῦτο ὑφ´ ὑμῶν·
πολλά γέ τοι φῦλά ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων, παρ´ οἷς αἱ
μητροπόλεις οὐκ ἄρχουσιν ἀλλ´ ὑποτάττονται ταῖς
ἀποικίαις. μέγιστον δὲ καὶ φανερώτατον τοῦ λόγου
τοῦδε παράδειγμα ἡ Σπαρτιατῶν πόλις οὐ τῶν ἄλλων
μόνον ἄρχειν ἀξιοῦσα Ἑλλήνων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ
Δωρικοῦ γένους ὅθεν ἀπῳκίσθη. καὶ τί δεῖ περὶ
τῶν ἄλλων λέγειν; αὐτοὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς οἱ τὴν ἡμετέραν
πόλιν ἀποικίσαντες Λαουϊνιατῶν ἐστε ἄποικοι.
εἰ δὴ φύσεώς ἐστι νόμος ἄρχειν τῆς ἀποικίας τὴν
μητρόπολιν, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν ἀμφοτέροις ἡμῖν Λαουϊνιᾶται
τὰ δίκαια τάττοντες; πρὸς μὲν δὴ τὸ πρῶτον
ὑμῶν δικαίωμα καὶ πλείστην ἔχον εὐπροσωπίαν
ταῦθ´ ἱκανά· ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ τοὺς βίους τῶν πόλεων
ἀντιπαρεξετάζειν ἀλλήλοις ἐπεχείρεις, ὦ Φουφέττιε,
λέγων ὅτι τὸ μὲν Ἀλβανῶν εὐγενὲς ὅμοιον ἀεὶ διαμένει,
τὸ δ´ ἡμέτερον ἐξέφθαρται ταῖς ἐπιμιξίαις τοῦ
ἀλλοφύλου, καὶ οὐκ ἠξίους ἄρχειν τῶν γνησίων τοὺς
νόθους οὐδὲ τῶν αὐθιγενῶν τοὺς ἐπήλυδας, μάθε
καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο ἁμαρτάνων μάλιστα τὸ δικαίωμα.
ἡμεῖς γὰρ τοσούτου δέομεν αἰσχύνεσθαι κοινὴν ἀναδείξαντες
τὴν πόλιν τοῖς βουλομένοις, ὥστε καὶ
σεμνυνόμεθα ἐπὶ τούτῳ μάλιστα τῷ ἔργῳ, οὐκ αὐτοὶ
τοῦ ζήλου τοῦδε ἄρξαντες, παρὰ δὲ τῆς Ἀθηναίων
πόλεως τὸ παράδειγμα λαβόντες, ἧς μέγιστον κλέος
ἐν Ἕλλησίν ἐστι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὐχ ἥκιστα εἰ μὴ καὶ
μάλιστα τὸ πολίτευμα. καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἡμῖν πολλῶν
γενόμενον ἀγαθῶν αἴτιον οὔτ´ ἐπίμεμψιν οὔτε μεταμέλειαν
ὡς ἡμαρτηκόσι φέρει, ἄρχει τε καὶ βουλεύει
καὶ τὰς ἄλλας τιμὰς καρποῦται παρ´ ἡμῖν οὐχ ὁ
πολλὰ χρήματα κεκτημένος οὐδὲ ὁ πολλοὺς πατέρας
ἐπιχωρίους ἐπιδεῖξαι δυνάμενος, ἀλλ´ ὅστις ἂν ᾖ τούτων
τῶν τιμῶν ἄξιος. οὐ γὰρ ἐν ἄλλῳ τινὶ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην
εὐγένειαν ὑπάρχειν νομίζομεν, ἀλλ´ ἐν
ἀρετῇ. ὁ δὲ ἄλλος ὄχλος σῶμα τῆς πόλεώς ἐστιν ἰσχὺν
καὶ δύναμιν τοῖς βουλευθεῖσιν ὑπὸ τῶν κρατίστων
παρεχόμενος. μεγάλη τε ἡμῶν ἡ πόλις ἐκ μικρᾶς καὶ
φοβερὰ τοῖς περιοίκοις ἐξ εὐκαταφρονήτου διὰ ταύτην
τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν γέγονε, τῆς τε ἡγεμονίας,
ὑπὲρ ἧς τῶν ἄλλων Λατίνων οὐδεὶς ἀντιποιεῖται
πρὸς ἡμᾶς, τοῦτο Ῥωμαίοις τὸ πολίτευμα ἦρξεν οὗ
σὺ κατηγόρεις, ὦ Φουφέττιε. ἐν ἰσχύι γὰρ ὅπλων
κεῖται τὸ τῶν πόλεων κράτος, αὕτη δ´ ἐκ πολλῶν
σωμάτων γίνεται· ταῖς δὲ μικραῖς καὶ ὀλιγανθρώποις
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀσθενέσιν οὐκ ἔστιν ἄρχειν ἑτέρων,
ἀλλ´ οὐδ´ ἑαυτῶν ἄρχειν. καθόλου δ´ ἔγωγε
τόθ´ ὑπολαμβάνω δεῖν τὰς ἑτέρων διασύρειν πολιτείας
καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν ἐπαινεῖν, ὅταν τις ἔχῃ δεῖξαι τὴν
μὲν ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν ἐκ τοῦ ταῦτα ἐπιτηδεύειν ἅ φησιν
εὐδαίμονα καὶ μεγάλην οὖσαν, τὰς δὲ διαβαλλομένας
διὰ τὸ μὴ ταῦτα προαιρεῖσθαι κακοδαιμονούσας.
τὰ δ´ ἡμέτερα πράγματα οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει, ἀλλ´ ἡ μὲν
ὑμετέρα πόλις ἀπὸ μείζονος αὐχήματος ἀρχομένη καὶ
πλειόνων ἀφορμῶν τυχοῦσα εἰς ἐλάττονα ὄγκον συνῆκται,
ἡμεῖς δὲ μικρὰς τὰς πρώτας ἀρχὰς λαβόντες
ἐν οὐ πολλῷ χρόνῳ μεγίστην τῶν πλησιοχώρων πόλεων
τὴν Ῥώμην πεποιήκαμεν τούτοις τοῖς πολιτεύμασιν
ὧν σὺ κατηγόρεις χρώμενοι. τὸ δὲ στασιάζον
ἡμῶν, ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτο δι´ αἰτίας εἶχες, ὦ Φουφέττιε,
οὐκ ἐπὶ διαφθορᾷ καὶ ἐλαττώσει τῶν κοινῶν, ἀλλ´
ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ καὶ αὐξήσει γίνεται. φιλοτιμούμεθα γὰρ
οἱ νεώτεροι πρὸς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους καὶ οἱ ἔποικοι
πρὸς τοὺς ἐπικαλεσαμένους, πότεροι πλείονα ποιήσομεν
τὸ κοινὸν ἀγαθά. ἵνα δὲ συντεμὼν εἴπω τοῖς
μέλλουσιν ἑτέρων ἄρξειν δύο προσεῖναι δεῖ ταῦτα,
τὴν ἐν τῷ πολεμεῖν ἰσχὺν καὶ τὴν ἐν τῷ βουλεύεσθαι
φρόνησιν, ἃ περὶ ἡμᾶς ἐστιν ἀμφότερα· καὶ ὅτι οὐ
κενὸς ὁ κόμπος ἡ παντὸς λόγου κρείττων πεῖρα ἡμῖν
μαρτυρεῖ. τοσαύτην γοῦν μεγέθει καὶ δυνάμει πόλιν
οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν γενέσθαι τρίτῃ γενεᾷ μετὰ τὸν οἰκισμόν,
εἰ μὴ τό τε ἀνδρεῖον ἐπερίττευεν αὐτῇ καὶ
τὸ φρόνιμον. ἱκαναὶ δὲ τεκμηριῶσαι τὸ κράτος αὐτῆς
πολλαὶ πόλεις ἐκ τοῦ Λατίνων οὖσαι γένους καὶ
τὴν κτίσιν ἀφ´ ὑμῶν ἔχουσαι, αἳ τὴν ὑμετέραν
ὑπεριδοῦσαι πόλιν ἡμῖν προσκεχωρήκασι καὶ ὑπὸ
Ῥωμαίων ἄρχεσθαι μᾶλλον ἀξιοῦσιν ἢ ὑπ´ Ἀλβανῶν,
ὡς ἡμῶν μὲν ἀμφότερα ἱκανῶν ὄντων τούς τε φίλους
εὖ ποιεῖν καὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς κακῶς, ὑμῶν δ´ οὐδέτερα.
πολλὰ εἶχον ἔτι καὶ ἰσχυρά, ὦ Φουφέττιε,
πρὸς τὰς δικαιώσεις, ἃς σὺ παρέσχου, λέγειν· μάταιον
δὲ ὁρῶν τὸν λόγον καὶ ἐν ἴσῳ τὰ πολλὰ τοῖς
ὀλίγοις λεχθησόμενα πρὸς ἀντιπάλους ὄντας ὑμᾶς
τοῦ δικαίου κριτὰς παύομαι λέγων. ἕνα δὲ ὑπολαμβάνων
κράτιστον εἶναι καὶ μόνον ἡμῶν τὰ νείκη δύνασθαι
διακρῖναι τρόπον, ᾧ πολλοὶ βάρβαροί τε καὶ
Ἕλληνες εἰς ἔχθη καταστάντες οἱ μὲν ὑπὲρ ἡγεμονίας,
οἱ δὲ ὑπὲρ ἀμφισβητησίμου γῆς ἐχρήσαντο, τοῦτον
εἰπὼν ἔτι παύσομαι· εἰ ποιησαίμεθα μέρει τινὶ
τῆς ἑαυτῶν στρατιᾶς ἑκάτεροι τὸν ἀγῶνα εἰς ὀλιγοστόν
τι πλῆθος ἀνδρῶν συναγαγόντες τὴν τοῦ πολέμου
τύχην· ἐξ ὁποτέρας δ´ ἂν πόλεως οἱ κρατήσαντες
τῶν ἀντιπάλων γένωνται, ταύτῃ συγχωρήσαιμεν
ἄρχειν τῆς ἑτέρας. ὁπόσα γὰρ μὴ διαιρεῖται ὑπὸ λόγου,
ταῦτα ὑπὸ τῶν ὅπλων κρίνεται.
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Traduction française :
| [3,11] (p45) After Fufetius had thus spoken, Tullius answered and said:
"The right which is derived from Nature and the virtue of one's ancestors, Fufetius
and ye men of Alba, is common to us both; for we both boast the same ancestors, so
that on this score neither of use ought to have any advantage or suffer any
disadvantage. But as to your claim that by a kind of necessary law of Nature mother-
cities should invariably rule over their colonies, it is neither true nor just. Indeed,
there are many races of mankind among which the mother-cities do not rule over
their colonies but are subject to them. The greatest and the most conspicuous
instance of this is the Spartan state, which claims the right not only to rule over the
other Greeks but even over the Doric nation, of which she is a colony. But why
should I mention the others? For you who colonized our city are yourself a colony of
the Lavinians. If, therefore, it is a law of Nature that the mother-city should rule over
its colony, would not the Lavinians be the first to issue their just orders to both of us?
To your first claim, then, and the one which carries with it the most specious
appearance, this is a sufficient answer. But since you also undertook to compare the
ways of life of the two cities, Fufetius, asserting that the nobility of the Albans has
always remained the same while ours has been 'corrupted' by the various admixtures
of foreigners, and demanded that the base-born should not rule over the well-born
nor (p47) newcomers over the native-born, know, then, that in making this claim, too,
you are greatly mistaken. For we are so far from being ashamed of having made the
privileges of our city free to all who desired them that we even take the greatest pride
in this course; moreover, we are not the originators of this admirable practice, but
took the example from the city of Athens, which enjoys the greatest reputation among
the Greeks, due in no small measure, if indeed not chiefly, to this very policy. And
this principle, which has been to us the source of many advantages, affords us no
ground either for complaint or regret, as if we had committed some error. Our chief
magistracies and membership in the senate are held and the other honours among us
are enjoyed, not by men possessed of great fortunes, nor by those who can show a
long line of ancestors all natives of the country, but by such as are worthy of these
honours; for we look upon the nobility of men as consisting in nothing else than in
virtue. The rest of the populace are the body of the commonwealth, contributing
strength and power to the decisions of the best men. It is owing to this humane policy
that our city, from a small and contemptible beginning, is become large and
formidable to its neighbours, and it is this policy which you condemn, Fufetius, that
his laid for trains the foundation of that supremacy which none of the other Latins
disputes with us. For the power of states consists in the force of arms, and this in
turn depends upon a multitude of citizens; whereas, for small states that are sparsely
populated and for that reason weak it (p49) is not possible to rule others, nay, even to
rule themselves. On the whole, I am of the opinion that a man should only then
disparage the government of other states and extol his own when he can show that his
own, by following the principles he lays down, is grown flourishing and great, and
that the states he censures, by not adopting them, are in an unhappy plight. But this
is not our situation. On the contrary, your city, beginning with greater brilliance and
enjoying greater resources than ours, has shrunk to lesser importance, while we, from
small beginnings at first, have in a short time made Rome greater than all the
neighbouring cities by following the very policies you condemned. And as for our
factional strife — since this also, Fufetius, met with your censure — it tends, not to
destroy and diminish the commonwealth, but to preserve and enhance it. For there is
emulation between our youths and our older men and between the newcomers and
those who invited them in, to see which of us shall do more for the common welfare.
In short, those who are going to rule others ought to be endowed with these two
qualities, strength in war and prudence in counsel, both of which are present in our
case. And that this is no empty boast, experience, more powerful than any argument,
bears us witness. It is certain in any case that the city could not have attained to such
greatness and power in the third generation after its founding, had not both valour
and prudence abounded in it. Suffer proof of its strength is afforded by the behaviour
of many cities of the Latin race which owe their founding to you, but (p51) which,
nevertheless, scorning your city, have come over us, choosing rather to be ruled by
the Romans than by the Albans, because they look upon us as capable of doing both
good to our friends and harm to our enemies, and upon you as capable of neither.
I had many other arguments, and valid ones, Fufetius, to advance against the claims
which you have presented; but as I see that argument is futile and that the result will
be the same whether I say much or little to you, who, though our adversaries, are at
the same time the arbiters of justice, I will make an end of speaking. However, since
I conceive that there is but one way of deciding our differences which is the best and
has been made use of by many, both barbarians and Greeks, when hatred has arisen
between them either over the supremacy or over some territory in dispute, I shall
propose this and then conclude. Let each of us fight the battle with some part of our
forces and limit the fortune of war to a very small number of combatants; and let us
give to that city whose champions shall overcome their adversaries the supremacy
over the other. For such contests as cannot be determined by arguments are decided
by arms."
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