Texte grec :
| [9,30] Καὶ οὐκ ἐμοὶ ταῦτα πρώτῳ πολεμίοις ὁμόσε
χωρήσαντι συνέβη παθεῖν, ἅπασι δ´ ὡς εἰπεῖν, ὅσοι
μάχας παρακεκινδυνευμένας σὺν ἐλάττοσι ταῖς σφετέραις
δυνάμεσι πρὸς μείζονας τὰς τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἐποιήσαντο.
ἐδίωξαν γὰρ ἤδη τινὲς ἐχθροὺς καὶ αὐτοὶ
ἔφυγον καὶ ἀπέκτεινάν τε τῶν ἐναντίων πολλοὺς καὶ
ἀπώλεσαν ἔτι πλείους τῶν σφετέρων. ἐῶ γὰρ λέγειν,
ὅτι πολλοὶ καὶ τὸ παράπαν ἡττηθέντες σὺν αἰσχύνῃ
τε καὶ βλάβῃ μεγάλῃ ἀνέστρεψαν, ὧν οὐδεὶς τῆς τύχης
δέδωκε δίκας· ἱκανὴ γὰρ ἡ συμφορά, καὶ τὸ μηδενὸς
ἐπαίνου τυχεῖν, {ὡς δ´} εἰ καὶ μηδὲν ἄλλο, μεγάλη
τοῖς ἡγεμόσι καὶ χαλεπὴ ζημία. οὐ μὴν ἀλλ´ ἔγωγε
τοσούτου δέω λέγειν, ὃ πάντες οἱ μέτριοι δίκαιον εἶναι
φήσουσιν, ὡς οὐ δεῖ με τύχης εὐθύνας ὑπέχειν, ὥστ´
εἰ καὶ μηδεὶς ἄλλος τοιόνδε ἀγῶνα ὑπέμεινεν εἰσελθεῖν,
ἐγὼ μόνος οὐ παραιτοῦμαι, ἀλλὰ συγχωρῶ τὴν τύχην
ἐξετάζεσθαι τὴν ἐμὴν οὐχ ἧττον τῆς γνώμης, ἐκεῖνο
προειπών· ἐγὼ τὰς ἀνθρωπίνας πράξεις τάς τε δυστυχεῖς
καὶ τὰς εὐτυχεῖς οὐκ ἐκ τῶν κατὰ μέρος ἔργων
πολλῶν ὄντων καὶ ποικίλων ὁρῶ κρινομένας, ἀλλ´ ἐκ
τοῦ τέλους· καὶ ὅταν μὲν τοῦτο χωρήσῃ κατὰ νοῦν,
κἂν τὰ μεταξὺ πολλὰ ὄντα μὴ καθ´ ἡδονὰς γένηται,
οὐδὲν ἧττον ἐπαινουμένας ὑπὸ πάντων ἀκούω καὶ
ζηλουμένας καὶ τῆς ἀγαθῆς νομιζομένας τύχης· ὅταν δὲ
πονηρὰς λάβωσι τελευτάς, καὶ ἐὰν ἅπαντα τὰ πρὸ τοῦ
τέλους ἐκ τοῦ ῥᾴστου γένηται, οὐ τῇ σπουδαίᾳ τύχῃ
τῶν πραξάντων ἀποδιδομένας, ἀλλὰ τῇ κακῇ. τοῦτον
δὴ τὸν σκοπὸν προιδόντες αὐτοὶ ἐξετάζετε καὶ τὴν
ἐμὴν τύχην, ᾗ παρὰ τοὺς πολέμους κέχρημαι. καὶ ἐὰν
μὲν εὕρητε ἡττημένον με ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων, πονηρὰν
καλεῖτέ μου τὴν τύχην, ἐὰν δὲ κεκρατηκότα τῶν ἐχθρῶν,
ἀγαθήν· περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς τύχης, οὐκ ἀγνοῶν,
ὅτι φορτικοὶ πάντες εἰσὶν οἱ περὶ αὐτῆς λέγοντες, ἔχων
ἔτι πλείω λέγειν παύσομαι.
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Traduction française :
| [9,30] "Moreover, I am not the first to whom it has fallen to suffer this fate when
engaging the enemy, but it has happened to practically all who have risked desperate
battles against enemy forces (p23) more numerous than their own. For there have been
instances when generals after chasing their foes have themselves been put to flight,
and while slaying many of their opponents have lost still more of their own men.
I shall not add that many even after meeting utter defeat have returned home with
ignominy and great loss, yet not one of them has been punished for his bad luck. For
the calamity itself is a sufficient punishment, and to receive no praise, as is inevitable,
even without anything else, is a great and grievous penalty for a general.
Nevertheless, I for my part am so far from maintaining what all reasonable men
will allow to be just that I do not have to render an accounting of my luck, that,
even though no one else was ever willing to submit to such a trial, I alone do not
decline to do so, but consent that my luck be inquired into as well as my judgement
after I have first made this one statement:I observe that men's undertakings, both
unsuccessful and successful, are judged, not by the several operations in detail, which
are many and various, but by the final outcome. When this turns out according to
their hopes, even though the intermediate operations, which are many, may not be to
their liking, I nevertheless hear the undertakings praised and admired by all and
regarded as the consequences of good luck; but when these measures lead to bad
results, even though every measure before the final outcome is carried out with the
greatest ease, they are ascribed, not to the (p25) good, but to the bad luck of their
authors.So, taking this as the target, do you yourselves consider what has been my
luck in the various wars; and if you find that I was vanquished by the enemy, call my
luck bad, but if I was victorious over them, call it good. On the subject of luck, now,
I could say still more; however, as I am not unaware that all who discuss it are
tiresome, I will desist.
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